Las Preposiciones
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Transcript of Las Preposiciones
PREPOSITIONS
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PREPOSITIONS
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Las preposiciones pueden realizar distintas funciones:
Servir de enlace entre dos palabras o distintos elementos en la oración:
I'll see you at five o'clock / Te veré a las cinco
Pueden acompañar a un verbo sirviendo de enlace a su complemento. En este caso, pueden no alterar el significado del verbo o alterarlo con lo que constituyen una palabra distinta.
To look / Mirar (no altera el significado del verbo) To look after / Cuidar de (se altera el significado del verbo)
Cuando ponemos un verbo después de una preposición, en inglés normalmente se utiliza la forma ' ing' y no el infinitivo. You shouldn’t go to India without visiting the Taj Mahal. No deberías ir a la India sin visitar el Taj Mahal. I’m interested in studying psychology. / Estoy interesado en estudiar psicología.
Las principales preposiciones en inglés son:
about alrededor de, sobre above por encima de
after detrás de, después de among entre (tres o más)
at en, junto a before antes de, delante de
behind detrás de below debajo de
beneath debajo de beside junto a
between entre (dos o más) but excepto, pero
by por, junto a down hacia abajo except excepto for para, por, durante, desde hace
from de, desde in en, dentro de
into en, adentro like como, igual a
near cerca de of de
off de (alejándose), fuera de on en, sobre over por encima de, al otro lado since desde
through a través de throughout por todo
till = until hasta to a, hasta, hacia
under por debajo de up hacia arriba
upon (poniendo) sobre, encima with con without sin
PREPOSITIONS
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POSICIÓN DE LAS PREPOSICIONES
Generalmente, se colocan delante del sustantivo o del pronombre, excepto en los siguientes casos:
a.) Con el pronombre relativo, cuando va seguido de preposición, ésta puede colocarse en la posición final.
The girls I study with / Las muchachas con las que estudio (en lugar de: The girls with whom I study)
b.) En frases interrogativas cuando empiezan por un pronombre interrogativo:
Who were you speaking to? / ¿con quién estabas hablando? (en lugar de: To whom were you speaking?)
LA PREPOSICIÓN Y LA CONTRACCIÓN
La contracción española, es decir, la fusión de una preposición con el artículo definido (al, del) no existen en inglés. Se traducen siempre por la preposición seguida del artículo definido y separado de ella (al = a el) (del = de el):
Tell it to the chairman / Dígaselo al president
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There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn
prepositions is looking them up in a dictionary, reading a lot in English literature and learning
useful phrases off by heart (study tips).
The following examples contain rules for some of the most frequently used prepositions in English:
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Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction)
English Usage Example
in
- room, building, street, town, country
- book, paper etc.
- car, taxi
- picture, world
in the kitchen, in London
in the book
in the car, in a taxi
in the picture, in the world
at
- meaning next to, by an object
- for table
- for events
- place where you are to do something
typical (watch a film, study, work)
at the door, at the station
at the table
at a concert, at the party
at the cinema, at school, at work
on
- attached
- for a place with a river
- being on a surface
- for a certain side (left, right)
- for a floor in a house
- for public transport
- for television, radio
the picture on the wall
London lies on the Thames.
on the table
on the left
on the first floor
on the bus, on a plane
on TV, on the radio
by,
next to, beside
- left or right of somebody or something
Jane is standing by
/ next to /
beside the car.
under - on the ground, lower than (or covered by)
something else
the bag is under the table
below - lower than something else but above
ground
the fish are below the surface
over
- covered by something else
- meaning more than
- getting to the other side (also across)
- overcoming an obstacle
put a jacket over your shirt
over 16 years of age
walk over the bridge
climb over the wall
above - higher than something else, but not
directly over it
a path above the lake
across - getting to the other side (also over)
- getting to the other side
walk across the bridge
swim across the lake
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through - something with limits on top, bottom and
the sides
drive through the tunnel
to - movement to person or building
- movement to a place or country
- for bed
go to the cinema
go to London / Ireland
go to bed
into - enter a room / a building go into the kitchen / the house
towards - movement in the direction of something
(but not directly to it)
go 5 steps towards the house
onto - movement to the top of something jump onto the table
from - in the sense of where from a flower from the garden
……… Exercise
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1) She was born 2004.
2) They are waiting the bus.
3) Don't forget to bring some flowers you.
4) I haven't smoked ages.
5) You can look up the word a dictionary.
6) She is allergic insect stings.
7) I'm looking my keys. Have you found them?
8) The song was written Madonna.
9) He likes to travel Spain in summer.
10) The police car chased the robbers the streets.