Present Perfect (Presente perfecto) Principio del formulario

Final del formularioEl presente perfecto equivale ms o menos al pretrito perfecto del espaol. Veremos las diferencias en la seccin sobre usos. En general, es una mezcla entre el presente y el pasado. Lo usamos para acciones en el pasado que tienen importancia en el presente.Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)Form (Forma)Para formar el presente perfecto, se usa el verbo auxiliar "to have" en el presente y el participio pasado del verbo. Para verbos regulares, el participio pasado es la forma simple del pasado. Ver la leccin sobre el pasado simple para ms informacin sobre como formar el pasado.SubjectAuxiliaryShort FormPast Participle

I, You, We, TheyhaveI've, you've, we've, they'vetalked, learned, traveled...

He, She, Ithashe's, she's, it'stalked, learned, traveled...

Present PerfectAffirmativeInterrogativeNegative

Ihave eaten. Have I eaten?I have not eaten.

Youhave eaten.Have you eaten?You have not eaten.

He/She/Ithas eaten.Has he/she/it eaten?He/She/It has not eaten.

Wehave eaten.Have we eaten?We have not eaten.

Youhave eaten.Have you eaten?You have not eaten.

Theyhave eaten.Have they eaten?They have not eaten.

PositiveNegativeQuestion

I have traveled. You have traveled. We have traveled. They have traveled. He has traveled. She has traveled. It has traveled. I have not traveled. You have not traveled. We have not traveled. They have not traveled. He has not traveled. She has not traveled. It has not traveled. Have I traveled? Have you traveled? Have we traveled? Have they traveled? Has he traveled? Has she traveled? Has it traveled?

InfinitiveSimple PastPast ParticipleSpanish

answeransweredansweredresponder

arrivearrivedarrivedllegar

askaskedaskedpreguntar

be iwas / werebeenser

borrowborrowedborrowedtomar prestado

break ibrokebrokenromper

buy iboughtboughtcomprar

catch icaughtcaughtatrapar

cleancleanedcleanedlimpiar

climbclimbedclimbedescalar

collectcollectedcollectedcolleccionar

come icamecomevenir

composecomposedcomposedcomponer

cookcookedcookedcocinar

cut icutcutcortar

dancedanceddancedbailar

describedescribeddescribeddescribir

discoverdiscovereddiscovereddescubrir

do ididdonehacer

drink idrankdrunkbeber

drive idrovedrivenconducir

eat iateeatencomer

enjoyenjoyedenjoyeddisfrutar

fall ifellfallencaer

feel ifeltfeltsentir

find ifoundfoundencontrar

fly iflewflownvolar

forget iforgotforgottenolvidar

give igavegivendar

go iwentgoneir

happenhappenedhappenedsuceder

have ihadhadtener

helphelpedhelpedayudar

hurt ihurthurtherir, doler

inventinventedinventedinventar

inviteinvitedinvitedinvitar

killkilledkilledmatar

know iknewknownsaber

lend ilentlentprestar

leave ileftleftdejar

lie ilaylainyacer

likelikedlikedgustar

livelivedlivedvivir

looklookedlookedmirar

lovelovedlovedamar

make imademadehacer

meet imetmetconocer, encontrar

missmissedmissedperder, extraar

openopenedopenedabrir

packpackedpackedempacar

pay ipaidpaidpagar

phonephonedphonedllamar por telfono

playplayedplayedjugar

preferpreferredpreferredpreferir

preparepreparedpreparedpreparar

pushpushedpushedempujar

put iputputponer

rainrainedrainedllover

read ireadreadleer

rememberrememberedrememberedrecordar

rentrentedrentedalquilar

rescuerescuedrescuedrescatar

returnreturnedreturnedvolver, devolver

ring irangrungllamar por telfono

savesavedsavedahorrar

say isaidsaiddecir

searchsearchedsearchedbuscar

see isawseenver

sell isoldsoldvender

sit isatsatsentarse

skateskatedskatedpatinar

skiskiedskiedesquiar

sleep isleptsleptdormir

smellsmelledsmelledoler

speak ispokespokenhablar

spend ispentspentgastar

startstartedstartedcomenzar

staystayedstayedquedarse

stopstoppedstoppeddetener

studystudiedstudiedestudiar

survivesurvivedsurvivedsobrevivir

swim iswamswumnadar

take itooktakentomar

talktalkedtalkedhablar

teach itaughttaughtensear

tell itoldtolddecir

think ithoughtthoughtpensar

throw ithrewthrownlanzar

touchtouchedtouchedtocar

trytriedtriedintentar

understand iunderstoodunderstoodentender

useusedusedusar

visitvisitedvisitedvisitar

waitwaitedwaitedesperar

walkwalkedwalkedcaminar

wantwantedwantedquerer

washwashedwashedlavar

watchwatchedwatchedmirar

wear iworewornllevar puesto

workworkedworkedtrabajar

write iwrotewrittenescribir

FuturePerfectTense Example SentencesAn action that will happen before another action in the future:Jack will have finished his homework by the time his mother gets home.

She will have gotten ready by the time they leave the house.

Laura will have cleaned out the apartment before she gives back the key.

By the time I get home, Zoe will have cooked dinner for both of us.

The robbers will have taken all the money by the time anyone arrives.

An action that will happen before a specific time in the future:By the timehe graduates, he will have completed five years of study.

The snow will have stopped by April.

We will have returned home by five o'clock.

By tomorrow, their life will have changed completely.

We are on vacation. So by the time we get back, we will have rested and relaxed.

Her heel will have fully healed by the summer.

By next month, you will have received your promotion.

By the time he wakes up, we will have preparedlunch for everyone.A state that will continue up to some time in the future(Note: this is a broader use of this tense. It is usually used with states, not actions):Next Monday we will have been married for ten years.

Tomorrow Justin will have been single for a whole week.

In September I will have lived here for eight years.

Luke will have been sick for two weeks tomorrow.

Next week you will have had this car for twenty five years!

he abierto I have opened se ha acostado he has gone to bed me he afeitado I have shaved has almorzado? Have you eaten lunch? ha aadido algo he has added something he apagado las luces I have turned off the lights hemos aprendido mucho we have learned a lot han ayudado they have helped ha bailado she has danced han bajado el autobs they have gotten off the bus han bajado de peso they have lost weight no se ha baado she has not bathed hemos bebido la leche we have drunk the milk se han besado they have kissed each other ha calentado la leche he has heated up the milk han caminado mucho they have walked a lot has cenado? Have you eaten dinner? no te has cepillado los dientes you have not brushed your teeth he cerrado la puerta I have closed the door han cocinado they have cooked hemos comenzado we have started hemos comido we have eaten ha comprado she has bought no has comprendido you have not understood no he contestado I have not answered hemos cortado we have cut han dado they have given he dado una vuelta I have taken a ride he dicho la verdad I have told the truth Has desayunado? Have you eaten breakfast? He desenchufado el televisor I have unplugged el televisor se ha despertado he has woken up han devuelto los libros they have returned the books ha encendido las luces she has turned on the lights ha enchufado la computadora she has plugged in the computer he escrito un libro I have written a book ha escuchado he has listened Han entendido? Have you all understood? han esperado dos horas they have waited for two hours hemos estacionado el coche we have parked the car he estado a dieta I have been on a diet he estudiado mucho I have studied a lot no ha explicado nada he has not explained anything han ganado they have won hemos hablado we have spoken han hecho un pastel they have made un pastel ha hecho una pregunta he has asked a question ha ido a Espaa she has gone to Spain se han ido they have left han jugado they have played se ha lastimado he has hurt himself hemos ledo diez pginas we have read ten pages ha levantado la mano he has raised his hand se ha levantado he has gotten up Has limpiado la casa? Have you cleaned the house? han llamado they have called ha llegado she has arrived ha llevado los tacos she has taken away the tacos

Some words that begin with common digraphs or blends: blbrchclcrdrflfrglgrplprsc

blabblackblackberryblackbirdblackmailblacksmithbladderbladeblahblameblancheblandblandishblankblanketblaringblarneyblastblatantblazebleachbleachersbleakblearybleatbledbleedbleepblemishblendblenderblessblewblightblimpblindblindfoldbliniblinkblinkersblintzblipblissblisterblitheblitzblizzardbloatblobblockblockadeblockbusterblockheadblokeblondebloodbloomblooperblossomblotblotchblouseblowblowtorchblubberbludgeonblueblueberrybluejaybluffblunderbluntblurblurryblurtblushblusterblusterybracebraceletbracketbradbragbraidbrainbrakebramblebranbrandbranchbrassbratbravebrawnybraybreachbreadbreakbreathbreathebredbreedbreezebrewbriarbribebrickbridebridgebriefbrigbrightbrilliantbrimbrinebringbrinkbriskbristlebrittlebroadbroccolibroilbrokenbroncobronzebroodbroochbrookbroombrothbrotherbroughtbrowbrownbrowsebruisebrunettebrushbrutalchainchairchalkchallengechamberchampionchancechangechannelchantchapchapelchaptercharchargechariotcharitycharmchartchasechatcheapcheckcheckerscheekcheercheesecheetahchefcherrychesschestchewchickchickenchiefchildchilichimechimpchinchinachipchiselchocolatechoicechoosechopchorechosechurchcladclaimclairvoyantclamclambakeclamberclammyclamorclampclamshellclanclandestineclapclapperclarifyclarinetclarityclashclaspclassclassicclassicalclassificationclassifyclassmateclassroomclauseclaustrophobiaclavichordclawclaycleancleanseclearclearancecleatcleaverclefcleftclenchclergyclericalclerkcleverclickclientcliffclimateclimbclingclinicclinkclipclipboardcliquecloakclobberclockclockwiseclodclogcloneclopcloseclosetclotclothesclothespincloudcloutcloverclowncloyclubcluckclueclumpclumsyclunkyclusterclutchcluttercrabcrackcrackercracklecrackpotcradlecraftscragcramcrampcranberrycranecraneflycraniumcrankycrannycrashcrasscratecratercravecrawfishcrawlcrayfishcrayoncrazecrazycreakcreamcreasecreatecreaturecredencecreditcreedcreekcreepcreepycrepecrescentcresscrestcrewcrewcutcribcricketcriescrimecriminalcrimpcringecrinklecripplingcrisiscrispcrisscrosscriteriacriticalcriticizecrittercroakcrochetcrocodilecrocuscronecrookcrookedcropcroquetcrosscrosswalkcrosswordcrouchcrowcrowdcrowncruelcruisecrumbcrumpetcrunchcrustcrutchcruxcrycryptcrypticcrystaldrabdraftdragdragondragonflydragoondraindrakedramdramadramaticdrankdrapedraperydrasticdrawdrawbridgedrawerdrawldrawndreaddreadfuldreadnoughtdreadlocksdreamdrearydredgedregsdreideldrenchdressdresserdrewdribbledrierdriftdriftwooddrilldrinkdripdrivedriveldrivendriverdrivewaydrizzledroledrooldromedarydronedrooldroopdropdroughtdrovedrovesdrowndrowsydrudgerydrugdruggistdrumdrunkdrydryflabflabbergastedflagflagshipflailflairflakeflamboyantflameflamingoflanflankflannelflapflapjacksflareflashflashcardflaskflatflatterflauntflavorflawflaxflayfleafleckfledfledgefleecefleetfleshflexflickerflierflightflimflamflimsyflinchflingflintflipflipbookflipperflitfloatflockfloeflogfloodfloodlightfloorflopFloridafloristflossflotillaflounderflourflourishflowflowerflownfluflubfluctuatefluefluentfluffyfluidflukeflungflunkflushfluteflutterfluxflyflyswatterfractionfragilefragmentfragrantfrailframefrankfranticfraudfrayfreefreezefreezerfreightFrenchhornfrenzyfrequentfreshfretfrictionfriendfrightenfrillfringefriskfrockfrogfrolicfromfrondfrontfrontierfrostfrothfrothyfrownfrozenfrugalfruitfrumpyfrustratefryglaciergladgladegladiatorgladiolusglamorousglamorglanceglandglareglassglassesglazegleamgleangleeglenglibglidglidegliderglimmerglimpseglintglistenglitchglitterglitzgloatglobglobalglobalizationglobeglobetrotterglobularglomgloomyglorifygloryglossaryglossygloveglowglowerglucoseglueglumglutglutesgluttongluttonygrabgracegracefulgraciousgradgradegradualgraduategraffitigraftgrahamgraingramgrammargrandgrandchildgrandfathergrandmothergrandparentgranitegrantgranulargrapefruitgrapesgraphgraspgrassgrasshoppergrasslandgrategratefulgratergratitudegravegravelgraveyardgravitygravygraygrazegreasegreatgrebegreedyGreekgreengreetgreetinggrewgreygreyhoundgridgriddlegridirongridlockgriefgrievinggrillgrimgrimacegrimegringrindgripgripegristlegritgritsgrizzlygroangrocerygroggygroingroomgroovegroovygropegrossgrotesquegrottogrouchgrouchygroundgroundhoggroupgrousegroutgrovegrovelgrowgrowlgrowngrownupgrowthgrubgrudgegruesomegruffgrumblegrumpy gruntplaceplacidplagiarizeplagueplaidplainplanplaneplanetplankplanktonplantplantainplantationplanterplaqueplasmaplasterplasticplateplateauplatformplatitudeplatterplatypusplayplaygroundplazapleapleadpleasantpleasepleasurepleatpledpledgeplentypliantpliersplightplodplopplotploverplowpluckplugplumplumbplumberplumeplummetplumpplunderplungerpluralplusplushPlutoplyplywoodprairiepranceprayprecipitationpreciouspreciseprecociouspredictprepositionpresentpresidentpresspretzelpreypriceprideprimprimaryprimeprinceprincessprincipalprincipleprintprizeprobeproblemprojectpronounpriorprivateprismprisonprivacyprivilegeprizeproprobablyproceedprodpromprongpronounproppropellerproperprotonprotractorproudproveproverbprowprunepryscabscabbardscadsscaffoldscaldscalescalenescallopscalpscalpelscalyscamscamperscanscandalscannerscantscapegoatscarscarabscarescarecrowscarfscarletscaryscathingscatterscavengerscenarioscenesceneryscenicscentscepterscepticsciencescientificscientistscimitarscintillascintillatescissorsscoffscofflawscoldsconcescoopscootscopescorchscorescornscorpionscotscotchscourscoutscowlscubascuffscufflesculptorsculpturescumscurrilousscurryscurvyscutescythe

shskslsmsnspstswthtrtwwhwr

shackshadeshadowshakeshallshamshampooshamrockshapesharesharkshesheepshelfshellshepherdshineshinyshipshirtshockshoddyshootshopshoreshortshotshouldshouldershoutshovelshowshowershuckshuddershuntshutskateskateboardskateparkskedaddleskeetskeinskeletalskeletonskepticsketchsketchbookskewskewerskiskidskiffskillskilletskimskimobileskimpskimpyskinskinkskinnyskipskipjackskipperskirmishskirtskitskittishskittleskivvyskiwearskullskullcapskullduggeryskulkskunkskyskydiveskylarkskylineskylightskyrocketskyscraperskywritingslabslackslainslamslantslapslashslatslaveslawslaysledsleeksleepsleepingbagsleetsleevesleighslendersliceslickslidslideslimslimeslipslippersslitslothslobslopslotsloughslowslugslumslumpsmacksmallsmallpoxsmarmysmartsmashsmatteringsmearsmellsmeltsmidgensmilesmilodonsmirksmitesmithsmittensmocksmogsmokesmokescreensmoldersmoochsmoothsmoothiesmorgasbordsmothersmudgesmugsmugglesmushsnacksnagsnailsnakesnapsnapdragonsnappersnapshotsnaresnarlsnatchsnazzysneaksneakersneersneezesnickersnidesniffsnifflesnipsnipesnipersnipperssnippysnitsnivelsnobsnoodsnookersnoopsnootysnoozesnoresnorkelsnortsnotsnoutsnowsnowballsnowboardsnowcapsnowflakesnowmobilesnowplowsnowshoesnubsnucksnuffsnugsnugglesnuglyspaspacespacecraftspaciousspacklespadespaghettiSpainspamspanspandexspanksparsparespareribssparksparklesparklersparrowsparsespartanspasmspatspatialspatterspatulaspawnspeakspearspecialspeciesspecificspecifyspecimenspecklespectaclespectacularspectatorspeculatespedspeechspeedspellspendspewspicespiderspiffyspigotspikespillspinspinachspinalspinespiralspirespiritspitspitespoilspokespongesponsorspoofspookyspoolspoonsporesportsspotspotlightspousespoutspudspunspunkspurspurnspurtsputniksputterspystabstablestackstadiumstaffstagstagestaggerstairstakestalactitestalagmitestalestalkstallstallionstampstandstaplerstarstaticsteaksteamstemstepsteepstickstickerstingstomachstonestoolstoopstopstorestormstorystovestudentstubstudstumpstunswabswaddleswaggerswallowswallowtailswamswamiswampswanswankyswansongswapswarmswashbucklerswatswayswearsweatsweatersweatshirtsweepsweepstakesweetswellswelteringsweptswerveswiftswimswimsuitswindleswineswingswingsetswipeswirlswishSwissswitchswivelswizzleswollenswoonswoopswooshswordswordfishswornswumswungthanthankthanksgivingthawthatthetheirthemthentherethereforethermometerthesetheythey'rethickthiefthighthimblethinthingthinkthirdthirstythirteenthirtythisthoraxthornthoroughthosethoughthoughtthousandthudthumbthumpthunderThursdaythustracetracheatracktracttractiontractortradetraditiontraffictragedytragictrailtrailertraintraittraitortramtramptrampletrancetranquiltransfertransformtransittranslatetransmittransparenttransporttraptrapezetrashtraveltraytreadtreasuretreattrebletreetrektriangletrimtrinkettriptripletstrodtrolltrolleytrombonetrottrouttrucktrumpettrunktwangt'wastweaktweedtweentweettweezetweezerstwelfthtwelvetwentytwerptwicetwiddletwigtwilighttwilltwintwinetwingetwinkletwirltwisttwistertwittwittertwixtwhalewharfwhatwheatwheelwheelbarrowwheelchairwheezewhelpwhenwherewherebywhereforewherewithalwhetwhetstonewhetherwhewwheywhichwhiffwhigwhilewhimwhimperwhimsicalwhinewhinnywhipwhiplashwhippersnapperwhippetwhippoorwillwhirwhirlwhirligigwhirlpoolwhirlwindwhiskwhiskerwhiskeywhisperwhistwhistlewhistleblowerwhitwhitewhiteboardwhitecapwhiteoutwhitewashwhittlewhizwhoawhoopingwhooshwhorlwhywrackwraithwranglewrapwraparoundwrapperwrathwreathwreckwreckagewreckerwrenwrenchwrestlewretchedwrigglewringwrinklewristwristwatchwritwritewrithewritingwrittenwrongwrongfulwrotewroughtwrungwry

Some words that begin with common trigraphs: schscrshrsphsplsprsqustrthr

scheduleschematicschemescherzoschismschizophrenicschlepschlockschmoozescholarscholarshipscholasticschoolschoolroomschoonerschwascramscramblescrapscrapbookscrapescrappyscratchscrawlscrawnyscreamscreechscreenscreenwriterscrewscrewballscrewdriverscribblescribescrimmagescrimpscrimshawscripscriptscripturescrollscroogescroungescrubscruffyscrunchscruplesscrutinizescrutinyshrankshrapnelshredshrewshrewdshriekshriftshrillshrimpshrineshrinkshrivelshroudshrubshrugshrunksphagnumspheresphericalspheroidsphinctersphinxsplashsplashdownsplatsplattersplayspleensplendidsplendorsplicesplintsplintersplitsplotchysplurgesplurtspluttersprainsprangsprawlsprayspreadspreadsheetspreesprigspringspringboardspringbokspringtimesprinklesprinklersprintspritespritzspritzersprocketsproutsprucesprungsprysquabsquabblesquadsquadronsqualidsquallsqualorsquandersquaresquashsquatsquawksqueaksquealsqueamishsqueegeesqueezesquelchsquibsquidsquigglesquintsquiresquirmsquirrelsquirtsquishstraightstrainstraitstrandstrangestrapstrawstrawberrystraystreakstreamstreetstrengthstressstretchstressstretchstrictstridestringstripestrobestrokestrollstrongstruckstrumstrungstrutthrashthreadthreatthreethresherthrewthricethriftthrillerthrivethroatthrobthronethrongthrottlethroughthrowthrushthrust

PRINTABLE ACTIVITIES USING BLENDS, DIGRAPHS, TRIGRAPHS AND OTHER LETTER COMBINATIONS