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mymrm|ds la yrajsm*=3

KD_M

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KD_M

?8

Mla`s la bds ydlardsds gj|arasas cdrydrm|gxds" bm

ydb|gcm ya|rdbarm em as|mld la|ar`gjmlm

ydr bm cmlm xav `s cr|gcm cdjlgcgj ajark|gcm

la As|mlds Qjglds* Ab yms sa em |rmjshdr`mld

la yrdlqc|dr m g`ydr|mldr ja|d laogld mb cracg-

`gaj|d la sq la`mjlm gj|arjm aj ab |rmjscqrsd la

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la|ac| }qa m yasmr la bms smjcgdjas" ab 3;! lab ya|rbad grm}q cd`arcgmbgvmld gj|arjmcgdjmb`aj|a aj ab yardld mrrgo m

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Yard mla`s la bds ydlardsds gj|arasas cdrydrm|gxds" bm ydb|gcm jmcgdjmb aj bm `m|argm em as|mld

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|rmjshdr`mld la yrdlqc|dr m g`ydr|mldr ja|d laogld mb cracg`gaj|d la sq la`mjlm gj|arjm aj ab

|rmjscqrsd la mbkqjms lcmlms* Aj =7

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cdj lds |arcgds la bms rasarxms `qjlgmbas w cdj bds `s omfds cds|ds la yrdlqccgj" as ldjla

xarlmlarm`aj|a as| ab yra`gd*?1

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la Grmn ab =7 la `mrvd la ?993" aj xgr|ql lab as|raced lgbdkd `mj|ajgld aj|ra bm ml`gjgs|rmcgj w bms

krmjlas a`yrasms* Ms hqa gj|aryra|mld ydr mbkqjds dosarxmldras gj|arjmcgdjmbas cd`d as ab cmsd lab au

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cd`ymms emj yarsakqgld aucbqsgxm`aj|a bm `mug`gvmcgj la sqs oajahgcgds w sg sa mcay|m" cd`d ems|m

m}q sa em yrdyqas|d" }qa emj afarcgld qjm krmj gjhbqajcgm sdora bm ml`gjgs|rmcgj Oqse*

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rasarxms lab yms rmoa* La emoar ydlgld" emormj ml}qgrgld m hgjas la `mrvd la ?993 bds laraceds

bak|g`ds la auybd|mcgj la bms rasarxms ydr lcmlms" yard sqs yrdygds ybmjas ydb|gcds w bm a`arkaj|a

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gjhrmas|rqc|qrm*

KD_M

?5

?1 Cg|mld aj Krak @q||g||" Dh Dgb" [mr mjl Yd{ar Bamrjgjk Hrd` Egs|drw" Jg}mse" =9 la Fqbgd la ?998*?8Cg|* ydr Emrddj Sgllg}qg" Dgb Bdoow La|ar`gjal |d Emxa G|s [mr gj Grm}" Cd``djLram`s*drk" =7 la ajard la ?993"

lgsydjgoba aj e||y6$${{{*cd``djlram`s*drk$xga{s93$9==7-91*e|`* Augs|aj mjmbgs|ms }qa emj jakmld bm ymr|gcgymcgj la as|ms

a`yrasms aj bms labgoarmcgdjas la bm Cmsm Obmjcm sdora ab as|mld lab ya|rbad aj @algd Drgaj|a" }qgvs lascdjdcgajld bms axglajcgms

m}q ajcgdjmlms* Qj cmsd as ab la Wmewm Smld{sng ymrm }qgaj bm kqarrm la Grmn oqsc yarya|qmr bm eaka`djm la bds As|mlds Qjglds^mj|asP }qa mcracaj|mr bms kmjmjcgms laAuudj" aj Bms Cmqsms la bm Kqarrm" Ba @djla Lgybd`m|g}qa"

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Bm yrgxm|gvmcgj jd hqa bm yrg`arm dycgj la bm ml`gjgs|rmcgj jg la bms cd`ymms* Jd sa

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ya|rdbarm* Aj mrms la axg|mr bm cr|gcm gj|arjmcgdjmb" sa dy| ydr rasya|mr bm yrdygalml as|m|mb sdora bm

`gs`m" cdjsarxmjld m bm Cd`ymm Jmcgdjmb la Ya|rbad Grm}q* Cd`d aj bds |ga`yds la Eqssagj" ab

sac|dr |m`ogj sakqgrm mogar|d m bm gjxarsgj w ymr|gcgymcgj au|rmjfarm* Ms hqa yrdyqas|d ydr M`w @wars

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As|mld w la cdrydrm|gxds la bms cqm|rd krmjlas*?5

La jd yrgxm|gvmr ab sac|dr" cdj }q dycgj cdj|momj4 Osgcm`aj|a" cdj bds Yrdlqc|gdj-Semrgjk

Mkraa`aj|s%Mcqarlds la Yrdlqccgj Cdjfqj|m" aj mlabmj|a YSM'* Bds YSM sdj qj |gyd la cdj|rm|d }qa ba

kmrmj|gvm m qjm a`yrasm bm auybd|mcgj la qj wmcg`gaj|d ydr qj ybmvd la ems|m

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hqjcgdjmrgds lab @gjgs|argd la Ya|rbad grm}q ymrm lgscq|gr as|m yrdyqas|m aj Oagrq| aj ajard la ?991*39

As|d la`qas|rm xmrgms cmrms la qj `gs`d haj`ajd6 bm gj|ajsm mc|gxglml la cmogblad" ab rasymbld la bds

kdogarjds la As|mlds Qjglds w Krmj Ora|mm m sqs a`yrasms ajark|gcms w ab lgbdkd lgrac|d la as|ms

b|g`ms cdj ab @gjgs|argd lab Ya|rbad grm}q sdora bm raymr|gcgj la bds laraceds la auybd|mcgj* \dld

gjlgcmom }qa ab yrdcasd la mlfqlgcmcgj ahac|gxm`aj|a |d`mrm bqkmr aj ab sakqjld `mjlm|d la Oqse" cdj

qj kdogarjd sdoarmjd aj Grmn w qjm Baw la Eglrdcmroqrds myrdomlm*3=

Bm yqobgcmcgj la ldcq`aj|ds lgybd`|gcds

cdjhglajcgmbas mqs|rmbgmjds em raxabmld bm

yarcaycgj" gjcbqsd yradcqymcgj" cd`ymr|glm

ydr Cmjoarrm w ydr a`yrasms ya|rdbarms la asa

yms la }qa ab mccasd mb ya|rbad em }qalmld

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aucbqsgxds w ydlardsds gj|arasas la bms cqm|rd

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Aj ab ?99?" ab au lgrac|dr la bm CGM w yrd`d|dr la bm gjxmsgj m Grmn" Fm`as [ddbsaw" bmjv qjm

mlxar|ajcgm cbmrm aj qjm lacbmrmcgj ydb`gcm6

Hrmjcgm w _qsgm ydsaaj cd`ymms ya|rdbarms aj Grmn* Laoarmj smoar }qa sg cdbmodrmj aj bm|rmjshdr`mcgj la Grmn emcgm qj kdogarjd lacaj|a" emra`ds jqas|rd `mwdr ashqarvd ymrm

msakqrmr }qa asa jqaxd kdogarjd w bms cd`ymms as|mldqjglajsas |rmomfaj as|racem`aj|a

KD_M

39

Bms yrqaoms sdora ab gj|ars la bms cqm|rd

krmjlas aj ab ya|rbad grm}q sdj cdj|qjlaj|as"

ms cd`d sq jgxab la cddrlgjmcgj a g`orgcmcgj

cdj bm ml`gjgs|rmcgj Oqse* Ydr bd |mj|d" bm

egy|asgs la smjkra ydr ya|rbad lm cqaj|m la

qjm cdjcra|m w ydlardsm auybgcmcgj sdora bm

bkgcm la bm kqarrm gjgcgmlm aj ?993*

39 \g` [aoo" Hdragkj Dhhgca Eabyal Sa| Qy Grm}g Dgb Lambs* M`omssmldr Ymssal _dml`my _aydr| |d Omkelml" \ea

Gjlayajlaj|" == la `mrvd la ?99;*3=

Sdora bm Baw la Eglrdcmroqrds grm}q xmsa Cmogja| _amlgas Grm}g Dgb hdr Yrgxm|gvm|gdj" Ybm|hdr`" ?; la haorard la ?99;"lgsydjgoba aj e||y6$${{{*cmrodj{ao*drk> w Al{mrl [djk" Grm}gs _amce mj Mccdrl dj Dgb _axajqas"Ja{ Wdrn \g`as" ?; la haorard

la ?99;* Laoa mcbmrmrsa }qa ab yrg`ar odrrmldr la bm Baw %?991' gjcbqm auybcg|m`aj|a bm raharajcgm m YSM" yard hqa cm`ogmlm aj ab

?99; ydrAuybdrm|gdj mjl _gsn Cdj|rmc|s%Cdj|rm|ds la Auybdrmcgj w _gaskd'" sgj mb|armr sq asajcgm*3?Fm`as Ymqb" Cdjhglaj|gmb Ldcq`aj| dj Grm} Dgb Bdoowgjk" Kbdomb Ydbgcw Hdrq`" =< la fqbgd la ?998* Aj fqjgd la ?99; ab

`gjgs|rd la Lahajsm mqs|rmbgmjd" Orajlmj Jabsdj" ml`g|g }qa bm rmvj yrgjcgymb la bm ymr|gcgymcgj w yrasajcgm la ="199 sdblmlds

jmcgdjmbas aj bm dcqymcgj la Grmn hqa bm la msakqrmr bms rasarxms ya|rdbarms" cd`aj|mrgd }qa ryglm`aj|a hqa las`aj|gld ydr ab

yrg`ar `gjgs|rd Fdej Ed{mrl w }qa gjgcg qj cmbqrdsd laom|a aj Cmjoarrm sdora bm rabmcgj cdj As|mlds Qjglds* Mqs|rmbgm Ems Grm}

Dgb Gj|aras|" OOC" 1 la fqbgd la ?99;* Aj rabmcgj cdj as|d" sa em sqkargld }qa ab mydwd m bm gjxmsgj hqa qjm hdr`m la hdr|mbacar bm

ydsgcgj la OEY Ogbbgj|djm bm edrm la racbm`mr ydr sqs laraceds cdj|rmc|qmbas sdora ab `akm-ydvd la Embhmwm*

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cdj bms sqwms* ^P Sg aj cm`ogd myqas|mj m Smllm`" sar `qw lghcgb" cmsg g`ydsgoba

yarsqmlgr mb jqaxd kdogarjd grm}q la }qa |rmomfa cdj abbms*33

Aj ahac|d" as smogld }qa cd`ymms la sakqjld drlaj gj|arjmcgdjmb" cd`d as ab cmsd la bm hrmjcasm \d|mb

Abh" bm mqs|rmbgmjm OEY Ogbbgj|djd bm rqsm Bqndgb" sa bg`g|mrdj m afarcar yrasgj lgybd`|gcm aj [msegjk|dj

w Bdjlras aj ?99< ymrm msakqrmr sq ymr|gcgymcgj aj bds yrdwac|ds }qa emomj jakdcgmld cdj Eqssagj*3 as lacgr" bm }qa xgxa %cd`d gjdrm dyrg`glm' aj \qr}qm"

Sgrgm a Grj*

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Grmn as| yrdegoglm w jd emw dhgcgjms lab kdogarjd caj|rmb* Bds nqrlds |gajaj sq yrdygm omjlarm a eg`jd*

Bm ydobmcgj nqrlm xd|" cmsg qjjg`a`aj|a" ydr bm gjlayajlajcgm aj qj raharjlq` gjhdr`mb rambgvmld

aj ajard la ?991*

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Ab YQN w ab NLY? |gajaj `qw cbmrm bm yds|qrm as|mldqjglajsa" ydr bd }qa drgaj|mj bds lasads

EMC GM B M A S\ MO GB GV MC G J L A G_MN4

33

? Bm Qjgj Ym|rgd|m lab Nqrlgs|j w ab Ymr|gld Nqrld La`dcr|gcd sdj bds yrgjcgymbas ymr|glds ydb|gcds aj ab Nqrlgs|j grm}q*

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gjlayajlaj|gs|ms la bm ydobmcgj nqrlm emcgm ab |arrajd jd-gjlayajlaj|gs|m la qjm `mwdr mq|djd`m

laj|rd la qj as|mld halarmb*3

Ab jdr|a la Grmnjd as Grmn* Cqaj|m cdj qj rkg`aj ydb|gcd as|moba w qjm acdjd`m yrsyarm"

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jd emw rasgs|ajcgm mr`mlm %aj bm hgkqrm = sa dosarxm }qa yrc|gcm`aj|a jd emw omfms as|mldqjglajsas aj ab

jdr|a'* M}q sa cq`ybg ab dofa|gxd la bm Cmsm Obmjcm6 qj rkg`aj mhj* Ms emw }qa lacgrbd" ms emw }qa

aj|ajlarbd*

KD_M

3 mqj}qa

doxgm`aj|a wm jd sa cdjxar|gr aj qj |rgqjhd*

Aj rasq`aj" [msegjk|dj w sqs mbgmlds mj jd as|j mcdrrmbmlds w sgj smbglm* Grmn jd as Xga|jm`

w as|m`ds dobgkmlds m aj|ajlar bms cdj|rmlgccgdjas la bm mc|qmb sg|qmcgj sgj cmar aj bds cbgces* Bm

gv}qgarlm `qjlgmb laoa myrajlar m emcar mjbgsgs ydb|gcds }qa sqyaraj |mj|d bms cd`ymrmcgdjas sajcgbbms

cd`d bms yrg`arms g`kajas }qa cdjs|rqwa ab saj|gld cd`j*

KD_M

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BM CMBGK_MHM_MOA

Fds Bqgs Byav Emogo&

Bm cmbgkrmhm mrogkm as" ydr lahgjgcgj" bm `s

rmoa la |dlms bms mr|as ybs|gcms gsb`gcms*

\g|qs Oqrnemrl|

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d|rm `mjghas|mcgj lab mr|a la bm ascrg|qrm* Ydla`ds" aj yrgjcgygd" dosarxmr lds cdsms axglaj|as*

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lgs|gj|gxds la bds cmrmc|aras cdj bm hbqglav lab |dld*

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Bds cmrmc|aras cegjds sa lasldobmj xar|gcmb`aj|a" la mrrgom emcgm momfd" cd`d sg

lascajlgarmj lab cgabd* Bm cmbgkrmhm rmoa yrdcala edrgvdj|mb`aj|a" aj ab ybmjd lab laxajgr"

a`yavmjld la bm laracem" ydr ldjla xm ab Sadr" w lgrgkgjldsa m bm gv}qgarlm" ab bqkmr lab

cdrmvj> cdjlqca la bm mccgj m bm rahbaugj" myraeajlar ab qjld lab au|argdr mb gj|argdr*

Ab |rmvd la bm cmbgkrmhm as djlqbmj|a"

xmrgmoba cd`d bm xglm gs`m> gaj|rms }qa ab

ybmjd xar|gcmb rayrasaj|m bd gjm`dxgoba" bd

gjmybmvmoba" ab yrdygd laxajgr lab |ga`yd"

sga`yra qjd" cdjs|mj|a" ab `gs`d* Ab |rmvd xar|gcmb qja mb mhgr`mr bm asajcgm w ab edrgvdj|mb

lgxgla mb auymjlgrsa m bm `qb|gybgcglml* Bm ascrg|qrm as cramcgj w racramcgj* Bm ymbmorm rmoa as

qjm ymbmorm xgxm" aj dxg`gaj|d" aj cdjsdjmjcgm cdj ab qjgxarsd }qa ajqjcgm* Ab mr|a la bm bjam

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augs|aj `qceds as|gbds cmbgkrhgcds> `s la 89* \dlds cdjxgxaj sg`qb|jam`aj|a w jgjkqjd cma

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as|gbd cmbgkrhgcd }qa sqrkg aj bm cdr|a d|d`mjm" a`ybamld ymrm ||qbds w

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MS\_DJQ\GCM @QSQB@MJM

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`qsqb`j yra|ajlarm afdrmr bd }qa Mbbme |rmjs`g|g m @qem``ml* Aj ab Gsbm`" oglmegjcbqwa

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ab Gsbm`" cqmb}qgar ymr|gcqbmrgs`drg|qmb" mla`s la mb|armr bm rabmcgj lab hgab cdj ab ras|d la bm

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BM CGXGBGVMCGJ SJGCM6

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lasmrrdbbd la Cegjm sa xgjcqbm cdj bds lasgkjgds la bm acdjd`m `qjlgmb" yard ab ug|d lab yms" aj oqajm

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19

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emcgm Xga|jm` lqrmj|a ab sgkbd ymsmld em gjcra`aj|mld bm carcmjm aj|ra bds krqyds |jgcds la m`ods

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bds msg|gcds drgaj|mbas" ab ug|d acdj`gcd la bm rakgj as la hdr`m ymr|gcqbmr ab rasqb|mld la bm

gjsgs|ajcgm cqb|qrmb msg|gcd-drgaj|mb aj bm cdbac|gxglml `s }qa aj ab gjlgxglqd* < Sakj as|m mhgr`mcgj"

sa yqala gjhargr bm yrasajcgm la qjm eqabbm egs|rgcm la yar|ajajcgm" }qa hmcgbg|m bm jakdcgmcgj cd`arcgmb*

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bms a`yrasms cegjms `algmj|a mrrakbds la cdjhgmjvm" m lgharajcgm la bds cdjkbd`armlds aqrdyads w

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ybqrmbglml hsgcm ramb aj bds yqaobds w |mj sbd as qjm ascqa|m la|ar`gjmcgj ydb|gcm la racgaj|a cramcgj*

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yar|ajacgaj|as m bm Vedjkeqm%cd`qjglml cqb|qrmb cegjm'"1 }qa racmbcm cgar|m glaj|ghgcmcgj rmcgmb `s mbb

la bm jmcgj*

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`arcmj|gb cegjm" sdj ab `algd mlacqmld ymrm `mkjghgcmr bms cdjs|rqccgdjas g`mkgjmrgms la yar|ajajcgm ajqjm cd`qjglml }qa xm `s mbb la bms aj|glmlas jmcgdjmbas*

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cdjcaycgj la qjm cgxgbgvmcgj sjgcm* Sgj a`omrkd" cd`d mkaj|a yrd`d|dr la |mb cramcgj g`mkgjmrgm"

Cegjm ydlrm sar cdjsglarmlm cd`d As|mld caj|rmb la as|m cgxgbgvmcgj* Bm egs|drgm" cqb|qrm" |rmlgcgdjas"

|m`md w lgjm`gs`d acdj`gcd sdj hmc|dras }qa g`yqbsmj ab bglarmvkd cegjd la bm cd`qjglml aj

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CDJCBQSGJ

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jmcgdjas xga|jm`g|m" cegjm" cdramjm w |mgbmjlasm jd em ydlgld bg`g|mr ab saj|gld la yar|ajajcgm la bds

gjlgxglqds la asds As|mlds m qjm cd`qjglml `s krmjla*

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cd`qjmb* Mla`s" sq mydkad hqjka cd`d cm|mbgvmldr ymrm bm aumb|mcgj la bds xmbdras cd`qjas laj|rd la

bds cqm|rd ymsas6 yrqaom cdj|qjlaj|a la as|d as ab krmj gj|arcm`ogd cd`arcgmb aj bm vdjm" yrdlqc|d la

qj aj|ajlg`gaj|d sg`gbmr la bm rambglml*

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qjm sdcgalml farr}qgcm cqglmldsm`aj|a mr|gcqbmlm w sa lmom ydr saj|mld }qa bds `djmrcms w As|mlds

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a`yarmldras aj bm |garrm*;

Bm glam la qjm cgxgbgvmcgj sjgcm yrd`dxglm w bglarmlm ydr Cegjm as qjm yra`gsm cdj krmj

g`ydr|mjcgm aj bm rakgj* \mj rygld cd`d sa lasmrrdbba ab ydlard acdj`gcd cegjd as|d sa emr `s

ym|aj|a* Aj sq`m" bm cddyarmcgj a glaj|ghgcmcgj auyqas|ms yqalaj sar rasymblmlms cdj ab sgkqgaj|acdrdbmrgd" mybgcmoba m bm cgxgbgvmcgj sjgcm6

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13

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@A_CMLDS AUYD_\MLD_AS YD_ CDJ\JAJ\AS W _AKGDJAS %AJA_D M @MWD LA ?99;'

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Y_DOBA@MS W SDBQCGDJAS

LA BM XGXGAJLM AJ @UGCD&

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YAJSM_ BM SDBQCGJ M BDS Y_DOBA@MS la xgxgajlm aj @ugcd jd as sajcgbbd* Bms hmbbms lab As|mld sdj

axglaj|as6 jd emw sarxgcgds yobgcds aj |dld ab |arrg|drgd" yrdbgharmj bds msaj|m`gaj|ds grrakqbmras w bm

lasgkqmblml sdcgmb jd ymraca ralqcgrsa" bbaxmjld m krmj ymr|a la bm ydobmcgj m xgxgr aj bqkmras gjlgkjds*

Aj bds yrdkrm`ms jmcgdjmbas la xgxgajlm sa cdjs|rqwaj cmsms cdj `m|argmbas cmrds" }qa sqabaj sar

gjmlacqmlds ymrm bms ymr|gcqbmrglmlas kadkrhgcms w acdbkgcms la bm bdcmbglml w jd hdr`mj ymr|a la qjm

ybmjamcgj qromjm hqjcgdjmb ldjla alqcmcgj" |rmomfd" cmsm w smbql rg`aj mr`djgdsm`aj|a* @qceds

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la sqs yrdygms cmsms" sgj lmrsa cqaj|m la }qa bms rmcas lab yrdoba`m sdj `s yrdhqjlms* Jd ydla`ds

asyarmr lab As|mld bm sdbqcgj la |dlds bds yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm cqmjld s|a jd racmqlm sqhgcgaj|as

racqrsds ymrm hgjmjcgmr sqs yrdkrm`ms w bm ydobmcgj sakqgr cracgajld m rg|`ds sds|ajglds" ydr bd `ajds"

ems|m ab ?939*? Mla`s" gladbdkms aj odkm" cd`d bm jadbgoarmb" fqs|ghgcmj bm ydcm rasydjsmogbglml lab

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18

& Bds mq|dras la as|a mr|cqbd sdj _dlrgkd @mr|jav" Lgakd @mcgms" Xabgm Sqrav w S|mbgj @qdv" Bqgs Ymobd @qdv" w

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mwqlm gj|arjmcgdjmb }qa racgoa ab As|mld `augcmjd ymrm sqs yrdkrm`ms la xgxgajlm mkrakm d|rm `mjcem m

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sdbqcgdjmr bds yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm4 Aj qj sakqjld |ga`yd" jds yrakqj|m`ds Aj }q `alglm bm

mq|dcdjs|rqccgj as qjm sdbqcgj xgmoba ymrm yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm aj bds sac|dras ydyqbmras43 Bm

gjhdr`mcgj }qa qsm`ds ymrm rasydjlar m`oms yrakqj|ms" sgkqgajld ab asyrg|q la Yajsmr ab Lasmrrdbbd" hqa

au|rmlm |mj|d la yqobgcmcgdjas mcml`gcms" cd`d la auyargajcgms yarsdjmbas }qa mbkqjds la bds mq|dras

do|qxg`ds mb cdbmodrmr cdj bm DJK Eog|m| aj ab Xmbba lab @av}qg|mb %Eglmbkd' w mb xgsg|mr qj

msaj|m`gaj|d grrakqbmr aj Smj Jgcdbs Mfqscd" aj ab sqr lab Lgs|rg|d Halarmb*

Aj bm yrg`arm ymr|a la as|a mr|cqbd sa auybgcmj cdj `s la|mbba mbkqjds dos|cqbds }qa as|j

laogbg|mjld mb As|mld `augcmjd aj sq bmodr la dhracar xgxgajlm lgkjm m |dlds sqs cgqlmlmjds" lasla bms

yra`gsms |argcms la bm gladbdkm jadbgoarmb ems|m bds b`g|as la sqs ybmjas la lasmrrdbbd" ymsmjld ydr bds

lgba`ms }qa ybmj|amj bds msaj|m`gaj|ds grrakqbmras* Aj bm sakqjlm ymr|a lab mr|cqbd" sa axmbm bm

mq|dcdjs|rqccgj cd`d d|rm sdbqcgj m bds yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm auydjgajld" ydr qj bmld" bds `d|gxds

ydr bds cqmbas ydlrm sar qjm sdbqcgj xgmoba w" ydr d|rd" sambmjld ydr }q jd laoa glambgvmrsa*

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hgjmjcgmr bms xgxgajlms la bds sac|dras ydyqbmras* Yrqaom la asm |mram egs|rgcm as qjm yrdbhgcm cramcgj

gjs|g|qcgdjmb6 ab Gjs|g|q|d @augcmjd lab Sakqrd Sdcgmb %G@SS' aj =7

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bm rasydjsmogbglml egs|rgcm lab As|mld augcmjd aj m|argm la xgxgajlm as bm dobgkmcgj cdjs|g|qcgdjmb }qa

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kqgmjld bm mccgj yobgcm*

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la kajarmr cracg`gaj|d" ydr bd }qa ab As|mld laoa yrdcqrmr sq bgora hqjcgdjm`gaj|d* Mbkqjms la bms

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acdj`gcds ydlrj kajarmr cracg`gaj|d*

Cd`ya|ajcgm* Bm cd`ya|ajcgm yarhac|m kajarm" ydr s `gs`m" qjm `mwdr ahgcgajcgm aj bm yrdlqccgj w

xaj|mfms m bds la`mjlmj|as*

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gj|arjds sg sa lasam `mj|ajar bm ahgcgajcgm acdj`gcm*

15

KD_M

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As|mld @jg`d* Qj As|mld djardsd as qj bms|ra ymrm bm acdjd`m* Ab lhgcg| aj ab yrasqyqas|d as|m|mb as

gj|rjsacm`aj|a jakm|gxd" ydr bd }qa bds kdogarjds laoaj cdj|rdbmr sqs kms|ds" `algmj|a bm ralqccgj

kajarmbgvmlm lab mymrm|d as|m|mb*

Ab `dlabd jadbgoarmb ld|m la krmjlas bgoar|mlas m bds gjlgxglqds" yard mb `gs`d |ga`yd cram aj abbds

jqaxms gjcar|glq`oras> as|d as s axglaj|a aj bm sakqrglml sdcgmb" yqas ab jadbgoarmbgs`d racemvm ab ^P

cdjcay|d la bds laraceds sdcgmbas w bm dobgkmcgj la bm sdcgalml la kmrmj|gvmrbds m |rmxs la bm mccgj

as|m|mb" ^wP sa dydja rmlgcmb`aj|a m bm qjgxarsmbglml" gkqmblml w krm|qglml la bds sarxgcgds sdcgmbas*; Bm

ydoravm sa xa cd`d cdjsacqajcgm bkgcm lab a}qgbgorgd aj|ra dhar|m w la`mjlm" ydr bd }qa bm `afdr hdr`m

la cd`om|grbm as `algmj|a ab cracg`gaj|d acdj`gcd*

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Cdjsafd Jmcgdjmb la Xgxgajlm*5 Ab As|mld" aj as|m jqaxm sg|qmcgj" cddrlgjm mc|gxglmlas hgjmjcgarms" rmvj

17

YA JS M_ A B LASM__DBBD

;Msm Crgs|gjm Bmqrab" Mxmjvmr mb ymsmld6 bm ydb|gcm sdcgmb lab jadbgoarmbgs`d" aj M* C* Bmqrab %cddrl*'"As|mld w Ydb|gcms

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ba msgkjm |mrams hgjmjcgarms %gol*" y* =

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ydr bm cqmb Hdu yrd`dxg asyacgmb`aj|a bm omjcm la lasmrrdbbd* Ymrm Habgya Cmblarj" bds dofa|gxds lab

YJL sdj cdjs|rqgr `s xgxgajlms ymrm bms hm`gbgms cdj `ajdras racqrsds w lmr `s sakqrglml fqrlgcm m

bds yrdwac|ds la cdjs|rqccgj ymrm }qa |dlds |ajkmj `mwdr mccasd m hqaj|as la hgjmjcgm`gaj|d

hdr`mbas*7

M yasmr la bd }qa yrdydjaj" m`ods

YJL emj sgld gjcmymcas la ramc|gxmr ab sac|dr la

bm xgxgajlm mj|a ab as|mjcm`gaj|d la bm gjlqs|rgm

la bm cdjs|rqccgj rasqb|mj|a la bm crgsgs la =771*

Asd sa laoa" yrgjcgymb`aj|a" m lds yrdoba`ms6 bm

hmb|m la cddrlgjmcgj la bds mc|dras gjxdbqcrmlds

aj ab yrdcasd la cdjs|rqccgj w bm lgscdj|gjqglml

la bms ydb|gcms aj|ra bds lgharaj|as yargdlds la

kdogarjd* As lghcgb }qa bds yrdkrm`ms la xgxgajlm |ajkmj ug|d sgj bm cddrlgjmcgj aj|ra bds drkmjgs`ds

jmcgdjmbas w as|m|mbas la xgxgajlm" }qa sa `mjghgas|m aj qjm hmb|m la cdrrasydjsmogbglml mb d|drkmr

sqosglgds halarmbas" as|m|mbas w `qjgcgymbas m bms hm`gbgms la `ajdras gjkrasds* Ab Cdjsafd Jmcgdjmb la

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|mrams asyachgcms ymrm cmlm mc|dr* D|rd b`g|a as }qa" mqj}qa bds ybmjas racdjdvcmj bms g`yarhaccgdjas

lab `arcmld" jgjkqjd oqscm cdjxar|gr m bds oajahgcgmrgds lab yrdkrm`m aj sqfa|ds la crlg|d }qa |ajkmj

mccasd m bds gj|ar`algmrgds hgjmjcgards yrgxmlds w yobgcds" yqas ab mydwd sa ralqca m qjm `arm

|rmjsharajcgm `dja|mrgm* Ydr bd |mj|d" ymraca }qa jds ajcdj|rm`ds jqaxm`aj|a cdj qjm yrc|gcm -d

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cddrlgjmlm ymrm emcar `s ahgcgaj|a bm ymr|gcgymcgj la bds mc|dras yrgxmlds w as|m|mbas aj bm cdjs|rqccgj

w ra`dlabmcgj la bm xgxgajlm*

89

KD_M

7 Bms as|rm|akgms ymrm cq`ybgr asds dofa|gxds sdj rakqbmrgvmr ab `arcmld la mrrajlm`gaj|ds" hdr|mbacar ab `arcmld la

xgxgajlm sa`gjqaxm" mq`aj|mr ab sqabd lgsydjgoba ymrm bm cdjs|rqccgj w myrdxacemr bm gjhrmas|rqc|qrm qromjm }qa wm augs|a*

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la sgkbd" aj sq`m" emj sgld gjcmymcas la

mr|gcqbmr qjm as|rm|akgm cddrlgjmlm ymrm emcar

`s ahgcgaj|a bm ymr|gcgymcgj la bds mc|dras

yrgxmlds w as|m|mbas aj bm cdjs|rqccgj w

ra`dlabmcgj la bm xgxgajlm*

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LGBA@MS G__ASDBQOBAS6 BM HD_@MCGJ LA QJ MSAJ\M@GAJ\D G__AKQBM_*

Ab kdogarjd" cd`d la`qas|rm ab cmsd la Smj Jgcdbs Mfqscd" ajhraj|m xmrgds lgba`ms cqmjld lacgla sg

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msaj|m`gaj|d" aj jqas|rd cmsd la as|qlgd" sa gjs|mb aj qj |arrajd la yrdygalml afglmb mj|argdr`aj|a

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gjs|mbmcgj la bds msaj|m`gaj|ds" jd mc|q la `mjarm cdarcg|gxm" ydr}qa emcarbd sgkjghgcmom aj|rmr aj

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mbgcgaj|a ymrm }qa jqaxds msaj|m`gaj|ds sa hdr`aj w qjm kmrmj|m la }qa s|ds sa rakqbmrgvmrj aj ab

hq|qrd*

Mqj cqmjld bm lacgsgj lab kdogarjd aj Smj Jgcdbs Mfqscd" cd`d aj `qceds d|rds cmsds" hqa

jd gj|arxajgr" asm d`gsgj |rma cd`ybgcmcgdjas" wm }qa aj bds msaj|m`gaj|ds grrakqbmras sa yrasaj|m qj

haj`ajd la ydbg|gvmcgj emcgm hqarm %aj|ra bds `ga`ords lab msaj|m`gaj|d w bms mq|drglmlas' w emcgm

mlaj|rd* Aj mqsajcgm la |dlm mq|drglml hdr`mb" cdj|rdb ydb|gcd a gj|arxajcgj ydbgcmcm" bds blaras sa

xqabxaj hgkqrms cmsg ym|rgmrcmbas }qa dobgkmj m bds cdbdjds m |rmomfds jd ra`qjarmlds lajd`gjmlds

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gbakmb w yar`g|gr moqsds cdj|rm bds emog|mj|as lab msaj|m`gaj|d }qa jd |gajaj `qceds racqrsds*

Ab |arcar lgba`m glaj|ghgcmld |gaja }qa xar cdj bm lacgsgj la ld|mr d jd la gjhrmas|rqc|qrm osgcm m bds

msaj|m`gaj|ds grrakqbmras* Emcarbd sgkjghgcm racdjdcar ab msaj|m`gaj|d w jd emcarbd sgkjghgcm yar`g|gr }qa bm

kaj|a xgxm aj cdjlgcgdjas bm`aj|mobas" ydr}qa as cd`j }qa jd sa yrdxamj sarxgcgds la abac|rgcglml" mkqm"

lrajmfa" bg`ygavm w racdbaccgj la omsqrm*== Aj Smj Jgcdbs jd emw dydr|qjglmlas la |rmomfd aj bm

8=

YA JS M_ A B LASM__DBBD

=9 Bm hmajm cdjsgs|a aj |rmomfd ymrm bm `afdrm la bm `gcrdcd`qjglml" cdjsgs|a aj cmxmr vmjfms ymrm bm cdjs|rqccgj la

cg`gaj|ds" racqorgr la cmbbas cdj ca`aj|d" |rmjsydr|a la mkqm" a|c|arm> aj kajarmb" as |rmomfd la dorm yobgcm*== Emw mla`s yrdoba`ms aj ab moms|acg`gaj|d la mbg`aj|ds" yqas bms ya}qams |gajlms la bm cd`qjglml sqoaj ab yracgd

m bds yrdlqc|ds aj ydrcaj|mfas mb|ds sgj sar rakqbmlds ydr bm Y_DHACD*

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cd`qjglml jg aj bqkmras carcmjds* Bds sarxgcgds osgcds sdj ascmsds d jqbds6 bm ajarkm abc|rgcm sa |d`m

la hqaj|as la ydobmlds xacgjds w ab sgs|a`m la ygyms sq`gjgs|rm ab mkqm> bds `algds la |rmjsydr|a sdj

cm`gdja|ms yrgxmlms w jd emw ascqabms carcmjms mb ydobmld* M}q" ab lgba`m ymrm ab kdogarjd as sg ld|m d

jd la gjhrmas|rqc|qrm m as|ds krqyds" yqas emcarbd sgkjghgcm racdjdcar ab msaj|m`gaj|d w jd emcarbd

sgkjghgcm yar`g|gr }qa bm kaj|a xgxm aj `mbms cdjlgcgdjas* Aj rambglml" ab cdjhbgc|d jd as |mj yrdhqjld"

ydr}qa emw sdbqcgdjas mb|arjm|gxms mb As|mld }qa" sgj sar gbakmbas" yqalaj `afdrmr bms cdjlgcgdjas la

xgxgajlm la bm ydobmcgj `s lasyrdxgs|m*

SDBQCGJ MB\A_JM\GXM6 BM MQ\DCDJS\_QCCGJ*

QJM OQAJM SDBQCGJ***

Aj as|m saccgj" cdj ab mydwd lab |rmomfd la Oarjmrl Krmjd|gar" sdcgbdkd hrmjcs }qa mjmbgvm ab eog|m|"=?

sa yrasaj|mrj bds oajahgcgds la bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj* Aj qj `qjld aj ab }qa bm lasgkqmblml aj ab raymr|d

la bms rg}qavms as cmlm xav `mwdr" bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj yqala lgs`gjqgr bms lasgkqmblmlas sdcgdacdj`gcms

ydr}qa yqala yrdxaar la xgxgajlm m bm krmj `mwdrm la bm ydobmcgj" yar`g|gajld ms bm ml}qgsgcgj la qj

`afdr eog|m| }qa ralqvcm bms gja}qglmlas sdcgmbas* Bm ymr|gcgymcgj la DJKs" la bm cd`qjglml a

gjcbqsd la drkmjgs`ds gj|arjmcgdjmbas mwqlmr m }qa bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj bdkra as|m `a|m* Aj bds ymsas la

`algmjd gjkrasd=3 bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj ydlrm sar hqjlm`aj|mb" ydr}qa me as| bm `mwdr lasgkqmblml aj

ab raymr|d la bm rg}qavm*

Bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj |m`ogj yqala cdjsarxmr a gjcbqsd rascm|mr |cjgcms w cdjdcg`gaj|ds

bdcmbas" wm }qa qjd la sqs dofa|gxds as a`ybamr `m|argmbas |rmlgcgdjmbas w la cmbglml aj cmlm rakgj*

Mla`s" bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj as yrdxacedsm" ydr}qa ralqca bds cds|ds la `mjd la dorm w la cgar|ds

`m|argmbas" `s omrm|ds ydr}qa sdj la qsd cd|glgmjd aj mbkqjm rakgj ymr|gcqbmr* Aj |r`gjds `s

m`ybgds" |m`ogj ydlrm sar q|gbgvmlm cd`d earrm`gaj|m ydr ab As|mld cqmjld sq cmymcglml emwm sgld

8?

KD_M

=? Eog|m| ymrm Krmjd|gar as `qced `s }qa ab edkmr hm`gbgmr" yqas|d }qa gjcbqwa bm gjhrmas|rqc|qrm w bds sarxgcgds }qa bm

hm`gbgm jacasg|m ymrm sq ybajd lasmrrdbbd %Oarjmrl Krmjd|gar" Bm Ybmj|a las ogldjxgbbas" Ymrgs" Saqgb" =7;7" y* ?='* Ydr abbd" mj|as la

ybmjghgcmr ab eog|m| laoaj cdjdcarsa bms yrgjcgymbas cdjlgcgdjas ymr|gcqbmras lab |gyd m`ogaj|mb w kadkrhgcd" ms cd`d bds msyac|ds

sdcgmbas w acdj`gcds la bm xglm la bm ydobmcgj* Lasla as|a ajhd}qa" qjm oqajm ybmjghgcmcgj lab eog|m| sqydja qj `jg`d

lasmrrdbbd la bds msyac|ds mj|as `ajcgdjmlds*=3 Ab Omjcd @qjlgmb" aj sqs lm|ds w cghrms sdora ymsas la gjkrasd `algmjd %ymr|a la bds yrdwac|ds w yrdkrm`ms ymrm ymsas la

gjkrasd `algmjd'" cbmsghgcm aj as|a rmjkd m 58 ymsas cqwds YGO yar cmyg|m" aj ab ?99

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raomsmlm ydr bms augkajcgms la bm ydobmcgj* Ab As|mld yrd`qaxa aj|djcas bm ymr|gcgymcgj la jqaxds

mc|dras sdcgmbas" bds yrdkrm`ms la medrrd w la hgjmjcgm`gaj|d" bm msgs|ajcgm |cjgcm" bm ybmjamcgj w

drkmjgvmcgj qromjm* Bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj yar`g|a rahdrvmr bds bmvds sdcgmbas ydr}qa ab |rmomfd sa emca aj

qj m`ogaj|a la cddyarmcgj w yar`g|a }qa bds oajahgcgds mbcmjcaj m |dlds* Ab gjlgxglqd" cdj bm

mq|dcdjs|rqccgj" xmbdrm `s sq aj|drjd w sq ym|rg`djgd" wm }qa as |d|mb`aj|a rasydjsmoba la sq

alghgcmcgj w drkmjgvmcgj* Bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj" aj asa saj|gld" sa yarhgbm cd`d qjm mb|arjm|gxm m bds

`dlds la yrdlqccgj aj sarga la bm xgxgajlm w cd`d earrm`gaj|m ymrm ab As|mld cqmjld s|a jd bdkrm

yrdxaar xgxgajlm m |dlds sqs emog|mj|as*

]QA JD LAOA GLAMBGVM_SA

Cd`d Oarjmrl Krmjd|gar" Sarkgd Mvaxald dygjm }qa bm mq|dcdjs|rqccgj %MC' yqala cdj|rgoqgr m

sdbqcgdjmr yrdoba`ms la xgxgajlm la bds sac|dras ydyqbmras*=< Sq yds|qrm" sgj a`omrkd" as dlarmlm" yqas

cdjsglarm }qa jd laoa`ds cmar jg aj qjm ha cgakm }qa glambgca sqs oajahgcgds jg aj qj rmlgcmbgs`d

gladbkgcd }qa cdjlaja sq augs|ajcgm*

Emw sags `g|ds sdora bm MC }qa cdjxgaja

las`aj|gr* Ab yrg`ard as }qa bgoarm ab yd|ajcgmb cram|gxd

lab yqaobd cqmjld" aj rambglml" bms cdjlgcgdjas la bm

mq|dcdjs|rqccgj" cmrmc|argvmlms ydr krmjlas

bg`g|mcgdjas |a`ydrmbas" hgjmjcgarms w |cjgcms"

sqabaj gjegogrbd* Ab sakqjld `g|d as }qa sga`yra

cdeasgdjm m bm cd`qjglmlcqmjld bm mwdrm la bms xacas

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cd`qjglml" sga`yra w cqmjld emwm oqajds gjcaj|gxds hgjmjcgards ymrm bm cdjs|rqccgj la sq yrdygm cmsm*

Qj |arcar `g|d la bm MC as }qayar`g|a qj myrdxacem`gaj|d yrdlqc|gxd lab |ga`yd bgoracqmjld s|a" aj rambglml"

as cmsg gjaugs|aj|a ymrm bms hm`gbgms lashmxdracglms" yqas" mj |ajgajld qj |rmomfd ra`qjarmld" bms

yarsdjms as|j dcqymlms aj bmodras ld`s|gcms d aj bm os}qalm la d|rd a`ybad %hdr`mb d gjhdr`mb'* Qj

cqmr|d `g|d as }qa cram a`ybad cqmjld s|a as hrmjcm`aj|a `mrkgjmb" yqas bm cdjs|rqccgj jacasg|m ydcms

83

YA JS M_ A B LASM__DBBD

=< Edqsgjk Ydbgcgas gj Bm|gj M`argcm6 \ea @w|es dh Sabh-Eaby Cdjs|rqc|gdj" M`argcmj Ydbg|gcmb Scgajca Mssdcgm|gdj" ?9

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bds lgs|gj|ds mc|dras sdgmbas w acdj`gcds

ymrm mydwmr m bds sac|dras `s

lashmxdracglds la bm sdcgalml*

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|mrams asyacgmbgvmlms %cmrygj|ards" ybd`ards w mbomgbas' w bms cdjs|rgccgdjas hgjmjcgarms sdj `qw krmjlas*

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cbg`|gcms la cmlm bqkmr* Qj b|g`d `g|d as }qa bm MC as qj yrdcalg`gaj|d |cjgcd lasxgjcqbmld la bm ydb|gcm

cqmjld `qceds kdogarjds bd q|gbgvmj ymrm mq`aj|mr sq bakg|g`glml ydyqbmr d myrdygmrsa la bds racqrsds

msgkjmlds" myrdxacemjld bm hmb|m la `acmjgs`ds ahgcgaj|as la rajlgcgj la cqaj|ms*

Jd emw }qa glambgvmr bds oajahgcgds la bm MC" sakj Mvaxald" yard s emw }qa lahajlar sqs

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yqas bds yrgxm la hqaj|as g`ydr|mj|as la racqrsds }qa" aj b|g`m gjs|mjcgm" yqalaj cdj|rgoqgr m afdrmr sq

cmbglml la xglm* Ymrm `qceds" ab As|mld laoarm cdjs|rqgr xgxgajlms lgkjms ymrm |dlds" yard sq hmb|m la

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CDJCBQSGDJAS

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8 ?' cdjs|rqccgj la `acmjgs`ds la hgjmjcgm`gaj|d ahgcgaj|as w mlmy|mlds m bms cmymcglmlas

acdj`gcms la bm cd`qjglml> 3' yraaugs|ajcgm la qjm `jg`m cdeasgj w sdbglmrglml aj|ra bds `ga`ords

la bm cd`qjglml>

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mq|drglmlas" yard |m`ogj la bds oajahgcgmrgds lab sgs|a`m> 8' rasya|d w |dbarmjcgm emcgm bms |cjgcms w bds

cdjdcg`gaj|ds la bm rakgj* Sqydja jd bbakmr cdj qjm mc|g|ql yrayd|aj|a w mb|mjarm }qa laslam

glgdsgjcrmsgms bdcmbas w }qa oqscm g`ydjar `dlabds la hqarm }qa emj sgld aug|dsds*

88

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EMS\M AB B\G@D _GJCJ6 KJA_DS W HGCCGJ AJ

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ascrg|dr*

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8;

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yrgxgbakgmlds }qa lafmomj m bds la`s aj bm sd`orm" w lacm" mla`s" }qa ab la jqas|rd |ga`yd arm bm

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`qced `s lghcgb lacgr mbkd sgkjghgcm|gxd aj ydcms ykgjms* ]qgajas ea`ds ascrg|d cqaj|d w jdxabm

smoa`ds }qa qj bgord la cqaj|d bd |gajas }qa gjgcgmr w cdjcbqgr lgav xacas sg cdjs|m la lgav cqaj|ds" }qa

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}qa cqaj|a cdj |mj|ds bac|dras" d }qa |ajkm smbglm cd`arcgmb* Mqj}qa aj @ugcd bm `mwdrm la bms jdxabms

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bm ydasm bdkrm sgj|a|gvmrbd* Jd |gajas }qa ymsmr ydr `s |r`g|as" bbakms lgrac|m`aj|a m bm asajcgm* Bds

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kjards" layajla la bms xmbdrmcgdjas" jd emw }qa craar `qced aj bm ydyqbmrglml la bgorarms d aj ab

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lm" sarmj bgords la mq|dmwqlm" jdxabms cd`arcgmbas" hcgb`aj|a bakgobas" w bgords la ascjlmbds ydb|gcds*

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w bqakd sa dbxglmj* Emw qjm cgrcqbmcgj `s baj|m la bds bgords xarlmlarm`aj|a bg|armrgds" w me bds

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cqb|gxmld w }qa ramb`aj|a sdj `qw sgkjghgcm|gxds6 Cmrbds @djsgxgs" Xgcaj|a Baard" _gcmrld Kmrgomw"

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myqj|aj m bm jdxabm" `a ymraca }qa kjards qj ydcd `s bm|armbas" cd`d bm crjgcm" bm bg|arm|qrm gjhmj|gb d

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Ydr d|rm ymr|a" crad }qa bds jgds |gajaj qj lasad `qw yrdhqjld la mcarcmrsa m krmjlas |a`ms

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yarsdjmfas laoaj `aracar asm habgcglml" ymsmr ydr yrqaoms ymrm cdj}qgs|mrbm* Laoa sar qjm habgcglml

kmjmlm* W asd as qjm la bms cdsms `s lghcgbas la bm bg|arm|qrm gjhmj|gb* Aj asa saj|gld |gaja qj

cd`yrd`gsd |gcd `s hrmjcd* Qjd" cd`d mlqb|d" yqala lafmr qj hgjmb mogar|d" yqala lafmr qj hgjmb

m`ogkqd" |rmomfmr cdj qj yarsdjmfa }qa jd smoa`ds `qw ogaj sg qogcmr cd`d qj erda d qj

xgbbmjd* Em`ba|" ydr afa`ybd" as qj krmj erda la bm gj|abgkajcgm w as qj xgbbmjd> dcmsgdjm qjm

cmj|glml la `qar|as |arrgobas" mbkqjms bms cd`|a b `gs`d" w as" lgkm`ds" ab yrg`ar gj|abac|qmb

cdj|a`ydrjad* Bm bg|arm|qrm ymrm mlqb|ds as| eacem la as|ms cdj|rmlgccgdjas* Aj cm`ogd" bm

bg|arm|qrm ymrm jgds laoa rasdbxar asds lgba`ms la `mjarm `qced `s hrmjcm*

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D|rm lgharajcgm as ab kqs|d ydr bm raya|gcgj* Ymrm bds mlqb|ds" bm rag|armcgj as moqrrglm* Ab

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mlqb|ds ydr `dlm d ydr}qa qj m`gkd sa bds racd`ajl" d ymrm }qalmr ogaj cdj qj yrdhasdr }qa lgfd }qa

arm qj bgord gj|arasmj|a" d ydr}qa ygajsm }qa asa |a`m as sgkjghgcm|gxd" yard bds jgds jd* Bds jgds baaj

ydr kqs|d d jd baaj* Sdj `qw ealdjgs|ms w `qw augkaj|as* Aj asa saj|gld" ab lasmhd la cmy|qrmr sq

g`mkgjmcgj as `mwdr*

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sg`qb|jam`aj|a cd`d bg|arm|d w cd`d cqs|dlgd lab racqarld" la bm egs|drgm* Lasla Oarjmb Lmv lab

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asymlm* b jd hqa qj cdj}qgs|mldr aug|dsd" jd sa ajrg}qacg cd`d d|rds sdblmlds la hdr|qjm> sq

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sga`yra cdjdvcd m hdjld yard }qa `a sdj yrug`ds* Aj as|a saj|gld as|dw `qced `s carcm la qj

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cd`d Fds @mr|" }qa wm sqajmj `qw `dlarjds ymrm jqas|rds dlds* Aj @ugcd" @mr|j Bqs Kqv`j as

qj mj|acalaj|a gjascmymoba* W `s carcm la jdsd|rds" ascrg|dras cd`d Kmorgab Kmrcm @r}qav" }qa hqa

qj `mkjhgcd crdjgs|m" jds emj lafmld ajsamjvms* Emw qjm sbglm |rmlgcgj la bm crjgcm aj M`rgcm

AJ \_ AX G S\ M C D J FQM J XGBBD_D

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Bm|gjm* Aj `g cmsd" ydr gj|arasas kajarmcgdjmbas" |m`ogj `a gjhbqw `qced bm crjgcm jdr|am`argcmjm" ab

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ymrm mc* @a `mrc `qced" la `mjarm lgrac|m d gjlgrac|m ydr}qa" ydr afa`ybd" Ea`gjk{mw gjhbqw `qced

aj Xmrkms Bbdsm" aj Kmrcm @r}qav* M |rmxs la abbds bbakm hgb|rmld Ea`gjk{mw* D|rms gjhbqajcgms

g`ydr|mj|as ymrm ` emj sgld ascrg|dras jdr|am`argcmjds cd`d Jdr`mj @mgbar w \d` [dbha" w la bm

bg|arm|qrm gjkbasm" @mr|gj M`gs*

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aj|ra bm algcgj w bm bg|arm|qrm* Ab yras|gkgmld

alg|dr w ascrg|dr asymdb Fdrka Earrmbla" la bm

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cdj bds }qa em |rmomfmld* Aj|ra as|ds mq|dras" jd

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w alg|dr ymrm bm cramcgj la dorms bg|armrgms la cmbglml w jd `ards yrdlqc|ds alg|drgmbas cd`d bds bbm`m

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g`ydr|mj|sg`m bm bac|qrm la bds d|rds* Ab ascrg|dr jqjcm as| |d