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Computer Basics
There are many types of computersincluding:
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Types of Computers
Supercomputers...are used to process very largeamounts of information including processinginformation to predict hurricanes, satelliteimages and navigation, and process military war
scenarios. Mainframes...are used by government and
businesses to process very large amounts ofinformation.
Mini-Computers...are similar tomainframes...they are used by business andgovernment to process large amounts ofinformation.
Personal Computers (PC)
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Types of Computers
Personal Computers (Continued)
Personal Computers...also known asPCs...are smaller and less powerfulthan the others. They are used inhomes, schools, and small
businesses.
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Types of Computers
There are 3 main types of PCs
Desktop Portable (Notebook/Laptop)
When portable (notebook/laptop) computers werefirst created they were HUGE. They weighedaround 100 lbs., and were carried in a largeluggage suitcase. The creators of the portable(notebook/laptop) computer dreamed that one dayit would be the size a notebook or pocket
dictionary. With todays technology, we have beenable to accomplish this goal and more..
Hand-Held
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Networks
A network is a group of computers that shareinformation and hardware.
The computers are connected together using copperphone wires, fiber optic cables, or radio waves.
Our computers are on a network here atschool...Look under the table and see the blue wiresthat connect your computer to the network.
The internet is many networks around the world
that are all connected together to make 1 hugenetwork.
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Parts of a Computer
There are two basic parts that make up acomputer...
Hardware Software
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Hardware
Hardware is basically anything thatyou can touch with your fingers.
Computer CaseCPU (central processing unit...Pentium chip)MonitorKeyboard & MouseDisk Drive, Zip Drive, CD-ROM, DVD,
Hard DriveMemory (RAM)SpeakersPrinter
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Hardware (Continued)
There are threetypes/categories ofhardware
1. Input Devices2. Output Devices3. Storage Devices
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Input Devices
Input basically means getting data into thecomputer to be processed.
Keyboard, Mouse,Trackball, Touch PadLight Pen, Laser Scanner,Pointing StickTouch Screen,Bar Code Reader, ScannerMicrophone, Joystick
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Output Devices
Output basically means getting data out ofthe computer.
MonitorPrinterSpeakersHeadphones
ModemFax
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Storage Devices
Storage devices are both input andoutput devices in one. A storagedevice is a place to keep data that has
been processed so that it can beretrieved at a later time to be usedagain.
Hard Disk
Floppy DiskCDs, DVDsMagnetic TapeFlash Memory, Jump Drive
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Software
Software is the programs and applicationsthat tell the computer what to do and howto look.
Computer programmers write the
codes/instructions that make-up softwareapplications/programs.
HTML is a type of computer programminglanguage that allows programmers to makeweb pages.
The next 2 slides show what HTML codeslook like and the web page the codesproduce.
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Two Types of Software
ApplicationSoftware
Operating System
Software
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Operating System Software
Directs all the activities and sets allthe rules for how the hardware andsoftware will work together.
Examples would be:
DOS, Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, XP
Unix, Linux,
MAC system OS 6,7,8,9,10
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Command Line Operating Systems
DOS is an example of a command lineoperating system.
On the next slide, Notice that there are no: Icons (pictures)
Colors
Mouse Pointer
Buttons You have to memorize commands in order
to use this text based operating system.
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Operating Systems: GUI
GUI stands for Graphical User Interface
Uses pictures (icons) to represent files, folders,disk drives, modems, printers, etc.
GUIs were created to make using a computereasier, more interesting, non-threateningto inexperienced users.
A mouse allows users to point at something and
click to make it work. With command lineyou have to have all of the commands tomake your programs work.
Here is an example of a GUI
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Application Software
Programs that work with operatingsystem software to help the computerto do specific types of work.
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Application Software
There are six basic types ofapplication software...
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Application Software
1. Business software: word processors,spreadsheets, and database programs.
2. Communication software: allows computers to
communicate with other computers: faxsoftware, Novell NetWare, AOL, ModemSoftware.
3. Graphics software: software that allows users
to create and manipulate graphics...Photoshop,Print Shop, etc.
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Application Software
4. Education and Reference software: Programsthat help teach new material and ideas, andprograms that can be used to findinformation...Encarta, Worldbook Encyclopedia,
Jumpstart Kindergarten, MicroType.5. Entertainment and Leisure software...Warcraft,
Age of Empires, Barbie Design Center, Mrs.Pacman, Solitair
6. Integrated software: Combines several types ofsoftware into one program orpackage...Quicken (Spreadsheet/database/communications/reference) or Print Shop(Graphics/Word processor).
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Software