Bahan Presentasi Gol. VA

8/17/2019 Bahan Presentasi Gol. VA

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Nitrogen


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Discovery

Inventor: Daniel Rutherford

Year: 1772

Name of element: Nitrogen

ntoine Lavoisier menyebut nitrogenengan nama “aote!" berarti atmas# Dinama$an at lemas $arena ati tida$ a$tif berea$si dengan unsur

innya


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Minerals

%otassium Nitrate" #

used as fertilier and solid o&idier in ro'$et#


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)hile salt*eter"

used as fertilier" medi'al *rodu'ts" +re,or$s" e&*losives"

*igment" food *reservative" o&idier in ro'$et#


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Isotopes

-here are t,o stable isoto*es of nitrogen

1.N /00"3

14N /5". 3


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%rodu'e Isolation of nitrogen

Nitrogen is se*arated fromthe Air ,ith theli6uefa'tion follo,ed bydistillation

%rodu'e from ammoniumnitrate

N.N82/a63 9 N2/g3 228/l3


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8&idation stateOxidation state Examples of Compounds

-3 NH3 ( ammonia

-! N. /ammonium ion3

-" N28 /hydro&ylamine 3

# N2 /nitrogen gas3

$" N28/dinitrogen mono&ide3

$! NO(nitro%en oxides

$3 N28;/nitrogen trio&ide3

HNO!(citric acid

$&

N82 /nitrogen dio&ide3

N28./dinitrogen tetrao$sida3

$'

N284 /nitrogen *entao$sida3

N8; /nitri' a'id3


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Compounds

Nitro%en Oxides

Nitrogen 'an 'ombine ,ith o&ygen to form o&ides,ith di


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b# Nitrous o&ide" N28#

@onovalent nitrogen o&ides# %yrolysis of ammonium nitrate

,ill *rodu'e this o&ide by the rea'tion:

N.N8; 9 N28 2 28 /heating at 245 )3#

'# Dinitrogen trio&ide" N28;#

-he o&idation number of nitrogen in these 'om*ounds is ;"this 'om*ound is unstable and de'om*oses into N8 and N82

at room tem*erature#


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d# Nitrogen dio&ide N82#

-hese 'om*ounds 'an form a dimer dinitrogen tetrao$sida"

N28." 'olorless" namely the merger bet,een N82 ,ithN82#

N28. 'an be *rodu'ed by *yrolysis of lead nitrate

2 %b /N8;3 2 9 .N82 2%b8 82 at .55o

)

Bhen N82 dissolved in ,ater *rodu'ed nitri' a'id and

nitri':

2 N82 28 9 N8; N82


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e# Dinitrogen *entao$sida" N284#

Nitrous *entao$sida obtained ,hen 'on'entrated nitri'

a'id is slo,ly dehydrated ,ith *hos*horus *ento&ide at lo,tem*eratures#

2 N8; N284 28

Bhen dissolved in ,ater *rodu'ed nitri' a'id# Dinitrogen*ento&ide also 'alled anhydrous nitri' a'id#

N284 28 9 2 N8;


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Oxyacid Nitro%en

8&ya'id of nitrogen that 'an be en'ountered is 2N282

/hi*onitrit a'id3" N82 /nitrous a'id3" N8; /nitri' a'id3 andN8. /*ero&ynitrite a'id3#

Rea'tions of Nitrogen" ,ith:

a# 8&ygen

-hen" 'om*ound of N8 ,ill rea't to form N82" ,ith the

follo,ing rea'tion#


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b# ydrogen

Ammonia manufa'turing *ro'ess 'alled the aber Cos'h

*ro'ess#


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)e use of ammonia

Nitri' a'id industries /3#

or the manufa'ture of urea /)83 and EA /E,velamonia3 /3#

-o ma$e ammonium 'hloride /)l3 on the battery#

As 'ooling in an i'e fa'tory#

-o ma$e hydraine /3 as a ro'$et fuel#

or the manufa'ture of e&*losives" a *lasti' *a*er" anddetergents#


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'# Nitrit A'id

@anufa'ture of ammonia is the 8st,ald *ro'ess# At +rstammonia is o&idied"


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-he use of nitri' a'id:

-o ma$e fertilier ammonium nitrate /3#

-he laun'h of the missile" using nitri' a'id anddimetilhidrain" #

-o ma$e e&*losives" su'h as -N- /trinitrotoluene3"nitroligserin" and nitro'ellulose#

As nitration organi' 'om*ound that is used for the*rodu'tion of dyes" *harma'euti'als" *esti'ides" anddetergan#


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d# alogen

-he rea'tion is 'ommon is by forming Fuorine triFuorideN2 /g3 ;2 /g3 9 2N; /g3

e# Nitrogen rea'ts ,ith metals to form an ioni' nitride

f# Nitrogen does not rea't ,ith ,ater" a'ids and base


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g# ydraine" N2GN2

N; 8)l N2)l 8G

N2)l 8G N;N2. )lG 28

Rea$si $eseluruhan :

2 N; 8)lN2. )lG 28

h# Nitride

; @g/N232 @g;N2 . N;

i# -he hydrauli' a'id or hydrogen aide" N;N2. N82 N; 2 28


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)e Nitro%en Cycle

Nitrogen +&ation

Assimilation

Amoni+$asi Nitri+'ation

Denitri+'ation


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*unction

-he 'ommer'ial use of nitrogen is as a 'om*onent in the manufa'tureof ammonia" ,hi'h is then used as fertilier and to *rodu'e nitri'a'id#

Hsed to ma$e nitrogen fertiliers" su'h as urea /)83 and /EA3#

Li6uid nitrogen /often referred to as 3 is used as a refrigerant forfreeing food *rodu'ts" to *reserve re*rodu'tive 'ells /s*erm andegg3" and for storage of biologi'al sam*les#

Nitration of organi' 'om*ounds" su'h as nitroGgly'erine andtrinitrotoluene" 'ommonly used as an e&*losive#

As the veil of inert gas to remove o&ygen in the manufa'ture ofele'troni' e6ui*ment for inert o,ned *ro*erties#

Hsed as a 'oolant to 'reate a lo, tem*erature" for e&am*le in thefood *ro'essing industry#

@a$e room for the storage of inert e&*losive substan'es#

illing the em*ty s*a'e inside the thermometer to redu'e theeva*oration of mer'ury#


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Isolation

Laboratory >'ale: heating the salt solution'ontaining ammonia and nitrite salts#

N. /a63 N8 2 /a63 N2 /g3 228 /l3


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%re*aration of nitrogen from ammonium nitrate#


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2# )ommer'ially obtained from the fra'tional distillation of air/the linden and 'laude3#

;# In the laboratory of thermal de'om*osition of ammoniumnitrite 'om*ounds )N.N82 by heating# -he rea'tion ,as as

follo,s:

)N.N82 /s3 9 N2 /g3 2 28 /l3

.# In the industry" by ,ay of terra'ed destru'tion andli6uefa'tion /distillation udara'air3 for N2 having a boiling *oint

lo,er than the +rst 82 then it eva*orates as the +rst fra'tion4# s*e'tros'o*e *ure N2 is made by the thermal de'om*ositionNatriumCarium aide# -he follo,ing rea'tion:

NaN; 9 2 Na ; N2

# eating N.N82 through the follo,ing rea'tion:

N.N82 9 N2 2 28

7# 8&idation of N; through the follo,ing rea'tion:

2 N; ;)u8 9 N2 ;28 ;)u

# Distillation /re+ning3 storey of li6uid air#

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