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cmr Rgihrm. Smjgcm chi i`krm ^givgcmr Rgihrm ch Ngrims Nmltrgjghstrh.Hc`tmr`gi Grth, Ngrgngs 7057.

Ig rhv`stg lm sh egnh rhspmlsgkih ch igs mp`l`mlhs hj`cgspmr sus nmigkmrgcmrhs. Hi ihntmr thlcr chrhnem g pgrn`pgr

nml sus prmp`gs `chgs hl gquhiims ngsms hl quh igsgpmyh m c`s`hltg ch hiigs.

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6[LN

Sgiig hl jgchrg, pmr [gbghig Kgrml`.

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Nhrj`ng t`jmtm-nu`ng,hstgcm Sruo`iim, Rhlhzuhig.

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0[LN

H^ SG[HG JXP C@BN@I pgrg hi emjkrh nmlthjpmrlhm trgzgr gichtgiih ul nugcrm ch igs smn`hcgchs `lcfhlgs pgrg hi jmjhltm hlquh gtrgngrml hl luhstrgs pigygs ims vhihrms hspgmihs. Ims gkmr-fhlhs vhlhzmiglms, pmr ngrhnhr ch hsnr`turg, sh chspigzgkgl gl hligs lhkuimsgs ch ig prhe`stmr`g.

Hi nmlqu`stgcmr y hi brg`ih phl`lsuigrhs, y hl hsphn`gi hi nrml`stgv`gohrm, lm buhrml ngpgnhs ch ihfgrlms ulg v`s`l prhn`sg ch gquh-iims frupms eujglms quh gmrgkgl hl sus rutgs ch phlhtrgn`l.

Rhlgl hiims ch ulg Hspgg quh gphlgs sh sgnucg ch ig hstrunturgjhc`mhvgi4 trggl nmlnhptms y prhnhptms quh ihs vhcgkgl ig `lthr-prhtgn`l ch gquhi julcm tgl c`bhrhlth gi quh chogkgl gtrs. Imspr`j`t`vms rhigtms chbmrjgl ngs` hl su hshln`g ig rhgi`cgc smn`gi4glmtgl y, smkrh tmcm, ouzfgl ims ehnems g ig jglhrg hspgmig. Ju-negs vhnhs ims rhiihlgl nml bgltgsgs tmjgcgs chi julcm ch imscuhlchs y ch igs egcgs.

Nml ims egk`tglths ch ims Glchs vhlhzmiglms gnmlthn` im j`sjm.Smcms ims quh suj`l`strgrml `lbmrjgn`mlhs smkrh ims pr`jhrms t`hj-pms nmiml`gihs hl ig nmrc`iihrg, chsch Ougl ch Ngsthiiglms y Gfugcmegstg ims nrml`stgs chi s`fim UR@, rhvhigrml `lngpgn`cgc pgrg ouzfgr,pgrg gprhn`gr shrhlg h `jpgrn`gijhlth g gquhiims frupms eujglms

Grturm Ngrcmzm

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71[LN

hl sus trgc`n`mlhs, hl su mrfgl`zgn`l smn`gi y hl su pgtr`jml`mnuiturgi. Ims rhigtms ch gltgm lm imfrgl sgt`sbgnhr g pihl`tuc ig`lqu`htuc chi emjkrh nmlthjpmrlhm pmr nmlmnhr hl su `lt`j`cgc

hi krujmsm julcm ch ims gkmrfhlhs glc`lms.Hl ig rhf`l quh emy bmrjgl ims hstgcms Sruo`iim, Jr`cg y pgrth

chi Sne`rg, hstgkgl gshltgcms frupms tl`nms, phrbhntgjhlth ch-l`cms, g ims nugihs sh cg hi fhlt`i`n`m ch t`jmtm-nu`ngs. Hrgl hiimsims js glt`fums hl gquhiigs hihvgn`mlhs, ims js hxthlc`cms y, s`lcucg gifulg, ims quh rhvhigkgl nmrr`hlths js buhrths ch chsgrrm-iim. Qmr sus ngrgnthrst`ngs smjt`ngs, pmr ig rgz ch sus vmngkims ypmr sus trgc`n`mlhs, sh ihs nmls`chrg chsnhlc`hlths ch ims ju`sngs y,g jgymr c`stgln`g, ch ims jgygs. [mchglcm g hstgs nmjul`cgchs hlulg hsphn`h ch nhrnm, sh egiigkgl mtrms frupms gkmrfhlhs ch c`vhr-sm mr`fhl4 gshltgcms hl igs iiglurgs n`rnulcglths ch ig nmrc`iihrg,egkgl imfrgcm hsngigr yg n`hrtgs giturgs y vgiihs. Gs, hl ig rhf`lch Ngrgneh egkgl phlhtrgcm ims o`rgogrgs y hl ul gjpi`m shntmrchi Sne`rg, ims qu`r`qu`rhs, ims jmt`imlhs y mtrgs tr`kus ngr`khs chiigfm. ^`l hjkgrfm, ims t`jmtm-nu`ngs hrgl ims pmshhcmrhs `lc`snut`-

kihs chi frgl jgn`zm glc`lm.Ims gkmrfhlhs sh egiigkgl c`shj`lgcms hl pgrhlthigs g tmcm im

igrfm chi hsp`lgzm ch jmltggs. ^us v`v`hlcgs hstgkgl ngs` s`hj-prh g ig mr`iig ch gifl rm m quhkrgcg4 juy nhrng ch sus v`v`hlcgsgpgrhngl ims nuit`vms. Sgiigcms hl igs bgicgs ch ims nhrrms y gsnhl-c`hlcm nmjm f`fglthsngs hsngihrgs, iungl ims glchlhs m thrrgzgs.Ch hstgs `jprhs`mlglths mkrgs chi emjkrh pr`j`t`vm rhn`k`hrml ims

Glchs su lmjkrh.Chsch rhjmtms h `jprhn`sms s`fims ims t`jmtm-nu`ngs vhlglnrhglcm hl gquhiigs hihvgn`mlhs su julcm y su gjk`hlth. [hsuitgc`bn`i chthrj`lgr hi jmjhltm hl quh igs pr`jhrgs hj`frgn`mlhsju`sngs, prmnhchlths ch Nulc`lgjgrng, v`l`hrml g hstgkihnhrsh hlims glchs vhlhzmiglms. Hl ngjk`m sh gshfurg nml `ls`sthln`g quh his`fim UR@ egkg smrprhlc`cm g hstms gkmrfhlhs hl brglng chngchl-n`g? hl igs nmlc`n`mlhs hl quh buhrml egiigcms pmr hi nmlqu`stgcmrlm hrgl ngpgnhs ch hjprhlchr mkrgs pmrthltmsgs nmjm ims jhl-n`mlgcms glchlhs y hi nihkrh ngj`lm quh, kgoglcm chi p`hchjml-th, phlhtrg egstg vh`lt`mnem d`ijhtrms hl igs iiglurgs kgr`lhsgs4hstg hlnmj`gkih vg, gi gtrgvhsgr igs zmlgs glhfgc`zgs sh ihvgltg

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77[LN

hl thrrgpil y egnh pms`kih su ut`i`zgn`l curglth ig hstgn`l ch igsiiuv`gs. Qgrg quh hstg mkrg puc`hsh egkhr s`cm hjprhlc`cg, chk`hx`st`r ul trnm juy lthlsm hltrh ig nmrc`iihrg y ims iiglms y, smkrh

tmcm, nmihnt`v`cgchs `lcfhlgs junem js chsgrrmiigcgs quh igsquh sh hlnmltrgrml ims hspgmihs gi `l`n`gr ig nmlqu`stg. G phsgr chsu `lc`snut`kih chngchln`g, ims t`jmtm-nu`ngs hrgl ims quh mbrhngljgymr frgcm ch n`v`i`zgn`l hl hi thrr`tmr`m lgn`mlgi.

Hl hi julcm ch ig hneg y ch ig nmgIms pmkigcms `lcfhlgs hstgkgl `lthfrgcms pmr nmloultms ch rgl-nems, c`str`ku`cms `rrhfuigrjhlth. Lm hx`stgl im quh chspus imshspgmihs iigjgrml ngiihs. Igs v`v`hlcgs sh ihvgltgkgl ch jglhrgngpr`nemsg, s`hjprh hl smi`n`tuc ch igs iiglgcgs lgturgihs. Ims jg-thr`gihs ch nmlstrunn`l prmvhlgl hl su jgymr pgrth ch igs pgijgs.Hstgs hskhitgs pigltgs suj`l`strgkgl ims emrnmlhs y hi thnem. Igs pgrh-chs gpgrhngl bmrjgcgs pmr ulg rhc ch nggs, gjgrrgcgs nml khounms,nuk`hrtg pmr ulg ngpg ch khrrm y pgog. Ims p`sms hrgl ch t`hrrg hlcu-

rhn`cg. Hl tmrlm g igs v`v`hlcgs sh ihvgltgkgl, egstg ul jhtrm chgitm, n`j`hltms ch p`hcrgs suphrpuhstgs. Gul nuglcm ig jgymrg chhstms rglnems shrvg ch gimogj`hltm pgrg ulg smig bgj`i`g, ims egkgtgjk`l juit`bgj`i`grhs. Hl hsth it`jm ngsm shjhogkgl igrfms ng-lhyhs, shnn`mlgcms pmr pgrhchs4 chltrm ch ngcg gjk`hlth egk`tgkgulg bgj`i`g.

Juy hsngsm hi jmk`i`gr`m quh pmcrg egiigrsh chltrm ch hstgs eg-

k`tgn`mlhs. Ims gs`hltms hrgl trmzgs ch jgchrg4 ims uthls`i`ms nui`-lgr`ms nmls`stgl, ulms, hl hlvgshs ehnems ch kgrrm nmn`cm y, mtrms,chi brutm chi tmtujm. Hl gifl iufgr nhrnglm g ig v`v`hlcg hstgkg igp`hcrg ch jmihr hi jgz y chkgom ch ulg hlrgjgcg, prmthf`cm chigfug y ch ig kr`sg, hi bmfl nml sus trhs p`hcrgs y hi kucgrh.

Qmr igs lmnehs, j`hltrgs sh hlnhlcgl igs vhigs higkmrgcgs nmlnhrg ch ln`l`iig m igs ijpgrgs ch jglthng ch ngngm, ims gkmrfhlhsrhfgkgl nhl`zg smkrh hi p`sm quh ihs shrvg ch ngjg4 hl gifulgs zm-lgs rhhjpigzgkgl ig nhl`zg pmr pgijgs m pgog h lniusm pmr hsthrgs.

Ims nmlqu`stgcmrhs v`hrml g ims t`jmtm-nu`ngs, nuk`hrtms nmljgltgs ch gifmcl quh phlcgl chsch sus emjkrms. Chk`hrml th-lhr hstgs negjgrrgs frgl s`j`i`tuc nml igs ruglgs usgcgs emy pmr

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7;[LN

igs fhlths pgrgjhrgs. Igs juohrhs ut`i`zgkgl tl`ngs ch nuhrm, chs-ch igs gx`igs egstg igs rmc`iigs, smsthl`cgs pmr t`rglths quh nruzgkglims emjkrms4 nmjpihtgkgl su gougr nml jgltgs hl ims phrmcms ch

`lthlsm brm. Lm nmlmngl hi ngizgcm.Chltrm ch hstgs nmihnt`v`cgchs pr`j`t`vgs lm hx`stgl nigshs smn`g-

ihs. Mkshrvgkgl hl ngjk`m frgl rhsphtm pmr ims vlnuims sglfulhms,gul nuglcm su `lst`tun`l bgj`i`gr hrg juy c`bhrhlth g ig luhstrg,`jpmrtgcg pmr hi nmiml`zgcmr hspgmi. Hx`stg hltrh hiims hi jgtr`gr-ngcm, m shg, ig hstrunturgn`l bgj`i`gr hl ig nugi prhvgihnh hi lhxm nmlig jgcrh4 juy shjhoglth, pmr n`hrtm, g igs quh emy iigjgjms ul`mlhs`rrhfuigrhs hl ig nugi ig jgcrh hs hi hoh bgj`i`gr y hi pgcrh, ul v`s`tgl-th lmnturlm, js m jhlms phrjglhlth.

Ig pgrhlthig gcqu`rg sujg `jpmrtgln`g hltrh ims t`jmtm-nu`ngs.Hstgkg nmlst`tu`cg pmr ig gsmn`gn`l ch ims pgr`hlths ch ig jgcrh hlilhg c`rhntg y nmigthrgi4 prmthfg g sus j`hjkrms lm sim brhlth gigs buhrzgs ch ig lgturgihzg y ch igs nmihnt`v`cgchs hlhj`fgs, s`lmquh gchjs `lthfrgkg ul s`sthjg hnmlj`nm jhc`glth hi nugi shprmnurgkg ig gi`jhltgn`l, ig v`v`hlcg, y sh sgt`sbgngl mtrgs lhnh-

s`cgchs smn`gihs.Luhstrm gkmr`fhl v`vg hl hstgcm ch nmjul`cgc pr`j`t`vg. Hrg

ig pgrhlthig, hi lujhrmsm frupm bgj`i`gr, qu`hl mnupgkg chthrj`-lgcgs t`hrrgs pgrg lhs gfrnmigs. Hrg ig pgrhlthig qu`hl gijgnhlg-kg gi`jhltms, shjkrgkg y nmshnegkg. Hsth frupm bgj`i`gr gntugkgmrfl`ngjhlth smkrh hi jhc`m bs`nm y gchjs hstgkihng rhign`m-lhs nml igs mtrgs gfrupgn`mlhs vhn`lgs. Qgrg ngcg tgrhg nmihnt`vg

sh chs`flgkg ul ohbh (Negnmy), tmjlcmsh hl nuhltg ig ngpgn`cgcpmr hxphr`hln`g, pmr vgimr m pmr chstrhzg, shfl ims ngsms. Igs tg-rhgs nmihnt`vgs js brhnuhlths hrgl ims trgkgoms ch gfr`nuiturg, igshxnurs`mlhs ch ngzg y ims trgsigcms m jucglzgs. Igs c`shls`mlhs`lthrlgs, igs rhsmivg ul ouhz, hi js v`hom.

Ims c`vhrsms lnihms bgj`i`grhs jglthlgl vlnuims y rhign`mlhshl prmpmrn`l g ig vhn`lcgc. Igs lvgs`mlhs ch ims ngr`khs chi igfm mch ims iiglms, igs j`sjgs bghlgs gfrnmigs y ch ngzg, hi ruc`jhltgr`m`lthrngjk`m, igs ul`mlhs jgr`tgihs y gifulgs ngigj`cgchs nmjulhs`lnrhjhltgkgl ig `lthrchphlchln`g, lm sim hltrh igs pgrhlthigs chulg j`sjg tr`ku, s`lm hltrh igs c`vhrsgs lgn`mlhs gkmrfhlhs. Nmlsujg brhnuhln`g c`vhrsgs tr`kus sh ulgl hl ngygpgs pgrg rhgi`zgr

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7>[LN

tgrhgs ch s`hjkrg y ch nmshneg, pgrg trgzgr gnhqu`gs ch r`hfm, pgrgnmlstru`r hstglquhs y gcmrgtmr`ms. Igs ngnhrgs ch vhlgcms y igpgsnmlst`tugl prnt`ngjhlth jgl`mkrgs j`i`tgrhs, ehnegs nml hi gpm-

ym ch ig smi`cgr`cgc tr`kgi. Im j`sjm gnmlthng hl ig nhihkrgn`l chigs bhst`v`cgchs rhi`f`msgs. Nuglcm sh gsmjg hi nmlqu`stgcmr pmrigs qu`hkrgs glc`lgs, surfh ulg jglnmjulgcg gnn`l hltrh tmcgsigs tr`kus ch ig nmjgrng? hs hi hsbuhrzm suprhjm pmr hxpuisgr gi`lvgsmr kiglnm.

Qglmrgjg ch ig hnmlmjg `lcfhlgGi `fugi quh hi pg`sgoh, hltrh ims t`jmtm-nu ngs ims k`hlhs ch ig lgtu-rgihzg hrgl nmjulhs. Igs nmrr`hlths ch gfug, igs jmltggs nml susbrutms y sus bgulgs lm phrthlhngl g lgc`h? nugiqu`hrg pmcg gprm-vhnegrsh ch hiims pgrg su susthltm. Juy vgr`gcgs hrgl igs hsphn`hsbrutgihs4 pmcrgjms rhnmrcgr ims gfugngths, jgjmlhs, p`gs, fugyg-kgs, ugrhl`zgs y junegs js. Hi mkoht`vm pr`ln`pgi ch igs s`hjkrgs hrgig prmcunn`l ch jgz, ngrgmtgs, guygjgs, turjgs (pgpgs), neuvgs,

lgv`iims, gp`ms, kgtgtgs, gjhs, yung cuinh, nuyrhs y go. Hstms brutms,sujgcms g igs ngrlhs ch vhlgcm, igpg y ch mtrms gl`jgihs jmltulms,nmlst`tugl ig c`htg rhfuigr chi gkmrfhl glc`lm. Hltrh tmcms, hi jgzgpgrhng nmjm hi gi`jhltm ks`nm? nmn`lgcm nml nhl`zg, igvgcm iuhfmy, pmr it`jm, jmi`cm hl p`hcrg, sh nmlvhrtg hl ig jgsg mr`f`lgr`g chigs grhpgs y ch ig ne`neg. Hstg, iuhfm ch ul prmnhsm ch bhrjhltgn`l,sh nmlvhrtg hl ig khk`cg hsp`r`tumsg pmr hxnhihln`g.

Nml hi ngngm, iigjgcm pmr hiims n`r, higkmrgkgl hi nemrmth,juy shjhoglth g luhstrm nemnmigth, phrm s`l gzngr. Nmlmngl tgj-k`l ims hbhntms ch n`hrtgs pigltgs smkrh hi mrfgl`sjm eujglm y igsut`i`zgkgl pgrg lhs jhc`n`lgihs m s`jpihjhlth hst`juiglths4 hicntgjm rhgi nmlnhcg, shfl hiims, ig imlfhv`cgc, hi vgpmrl ihs hi`-j`lgkg ig shlsgn`l chi egjkrh y ulg e`hrkg quh iigjgkgl kgymihs quhkrgltgkg ig shc4 ch igs emogs nmn`lgcgs chi tgkgnm hxtrgglhi ne`j quh chogkg hl hi fustm ul sgkmr gnrh juy s`j`igr gi ch igsbujgcgs.

^ujm `lthrs rhvhig hi hstuc`m ch ig gfr`nuiturg ch ims t`jmtm-nu`ngs. ^us s`sthjgs nmlshrvgn`ml`stgs y sus jtmcms ch r`hfm y chgijgnhlgj`hltm buhrml l`nms hl hi c`vhrs`ngcm gjk`hlth ch ims

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73[LN

gkmrfhlhs vhlhzmiglms. Brgy Qhcrm ch ^`jl, iuhfm ch fgiglthgrg ims `lc`ms glc`lms, ngi`nlcmims ch fhlths k`hl pgrhn`cgs y bs`-ngjhlth k`hl bmrjgcgs, hsphn`gijhlth sus juohrhs, chsnr`k` nml

gsmjkrm hi pg`sgoh nmrc`iihrglm4 prhsn`lc`hlcm chi gnhltm glcgiuzquh gifulgs vhnhs `jpr`jh g sus nrl`ngs, rhhrh quh igs t`hrrgshrgl tmcgs cmkigcgs y hl gifulms ngsms tgl hjp`lgcgs h `lgnnhs`-kihs quh pgrhng lm pmchr hi emjkrh chsi`zgrsh smkrh hiigs, s`lm gfgtgs4 mkshrvg hi nrml`stg quh g phsgr chi prmluln`gcm chsl`vhi, hs-tgs t`hrrgs hstgkgl tmcgs igkrgcgs jhc`glth pmyms ehnems ch trhnemhl trhnem, hl igs nugihs shjkrgkgl jgz y rgnhs pgrg su susthltm.

Gnigrg hi brg`ih quh ims pmyms sml frgcgs ehnegs hl ims nhrrms. Qmrit`jm, chog nmlstgln`g ch quh hstgs fhlths lm chogkgl mn`msm ulpgijm ch t`hrrg, gul nuglcm sh trgtgsh ch prgjms juy brms.

^mrprhlch gi emjkrh nmlthjpmrlhm ig ut`i`zgn`l ch tgihs s`sth-jgs gfrnmigs hl gquhi julcm pr`j`t`vm, hl hi nugi ims ruc`jhltg-r`ms `lstrujhltms sml ehnems nml kgsh hl p`hcrg y jgchrg4 sim hihsbuhrzm nmihnt`vm, hlngusgcm pmr igs ngygpgs, pucm g trgvs ch ju-nems s`fims, hohnutgr mkrgs tgl prhv`s`vgs y t`ihs. Ims glchlhs hrgl

nmrths hl ims nhrrms quh mr`f`lgkgl piglms hsngimlgcms4 ngcg thrrgzghstgkg smsthl`cg pmr jurms ch p`hcrgs suphrpuhstgs pgrg jphc`r imschsi`zgj`hltms ch t`hrrgs y hi igvgcm ch suhims. Ims glchlhs gksmr-kgl frgl nglt`cgc ch gfug, nmlshrvglcm ig eujhcgc curglth jgymrt`hjpm y ihs phrj`tg g hstms thlgnhs gfr`nuitmrhs, hi nuit`vm ch jshxthlsgs rhgs. Cml Sui`m Bhkrhs Nmrchrm grjgkg rh`thrgcgjhlthhl sus hsnr`tms quh egkg thl`cm ig suhrth ch vhr gifulms ch hstms gl-

chlhs hl ig rhf`l jhr`chg ch Hstglquhs, pmr ims it`jms chnhl`mschi s`fim U@U.^mkrh tgl gjglths thrrgzgs luhstrm gkmr`fhl nuit`vgkg sus brutms

y sus rgnhs. Hl t`hjpm ch shqug ig bgitg ch gfug grru`lgkg junegsvhnhs igs pigltgn`mlhs, ims rms y quhkrgcgs nmrrgl hl hi bmlcm chims vgiihs y g l`vhihs `lbhr`mrhs. Hi t`jmtm-nu`ng lm qu`sm rhs`flgrshg quh su gfr`nuiturg chphlc`hsh sim ch igs iiuv`gs y sh `lfhl` pgrgrhfgr sus s`hjkrgs? trgsigc hi iqu`cm g trgvs ch gnhqu`gs m nglgihschsch igs buhlths js gitgs4 nmjpihjhlt su s`sthjg ch r`hfm nml ignmlstrunn`l ch hstglquhs ehnems ch p`hcrg y grn`iig.

Qhrm egy gifm js quh rhnmrcgr smkrh ims s`sthjgs gfrnmigs chims `lcfhlgs nmrc`iihrglms. Xt`i`zgkgl s`ims cmlch gijgnhlgkgl

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78[LN

sus brutms. Ihs prhmnupgkg lm sim ig nmlshrvgn`l ch ims gi`jhltmshl ims igpsms ch s`hjkrg, s`lm tgjk`l ims gntms nmjhrn`gihs quhbrhnuhlthjhlth rhgi`zgkgl nml igs lgn`mlhs ignustrhs y iiglhrgs.

Ims s`ims m j`ltmyhs nmls`stgl hl frutgs y nuhvgs4 hl hiims chpm-s`tgkgl sus prmcuntms gfrnmigs, ims quh ch mtrg jglhrg euk`hshlquhcgcm hxpuhstms g ims hbhntms ch ig `lthjphr`h. Buh gs nmjm

Omrfh ^p`rg pucm hlnmltrgr hl hi p`hchjmlth glc`lm, hltrh Kgr`lgsy hi prgjm, ul chps`tm quh pruchln`gijhlth nginui hl ulgs qu`-l`hltgs bglhfgs ch jgz.

^us vgs ch nmjul`ngn`l hrgl glfmstgs vhrhcgs quh shrphlthgl-cm smkrh bgicgs y smkrh igs ch jmltgg, chsnhlcgl g igs nmrr`hlthsch gfug m sh hst`rgkgl egstg ims pmkigcms vhn`lms. Xlg nur`msg `l-vhln`l ch ims t`jmtms, hl jgthr`g ch trglspmrth, buh ig bgjmsg Sgrg-k`tg, `lstgigcg smkrh hi rm Negjg hl ul shntmr juy nhrnglm gi s`t`mquh emy sh iigjg Quhlth [hgi hl ig vg Jr`cg g Smvgr. Qgrg hvgc`rhi pgsm g trgvs chi tmrrhltmsm rm, `chgrml ul s`sthjg ch trglspmrth,nmls`sthlth hl ulg nuhrcg thjpigcg quh nruzgkg hi rm ch mr`iig gmr`iig hl ig quh sh chsi`zgkg ulg hsphn`h ch ne`lnemrrm4 g igs phrsmlgs

sh ihs trgsigcgkg shltgcgs smkrh gquhiigs s`iigs nmifglths, gtrgyhlcmulg nuhrcg chsch ig jgrfhl mpuhstg. Pg ehjms jhln`mlgcm glths higcj`rgkih ngj`lm quh, pgrt`hlcm chi p`hchjmlth, nruzgkg ims iiglmskgr`lhshs egstg hi s`t`m quh emy sh chlmj`lg Ig Ngizgcg.

Igs rhign`mlhs ch ims t`jmtm-nu`ngs nml igs lgn`mlhs gkmrfhlhschi igfm y ch ims iiglms hrgl nmjljhlth gj`stmsgs y thlgl pmr mk-

ohtm ims truhquhs jhrnglt`ihs4 gifulgs vhnhs hrgl emst`ihs. Ims ngr`khs

chi Igfm (qu`r`qu`rhs, jmt`imlhs, kmkurhs, giihs, htn.) nmlmngl juypmnm ig gfr`nuiturg4 su gi`jhltgn`l prmvhlg pr`ln`pgijhlth chi bru-tm s`ivhstrh, ch ig ngzg y ch ig phsng. Egk`tgkgl v`v`hlcgs ihvgltgcgssmkrh hstgngs hl igs mr`iigs chi igfm m hl igs jrfhlhs ch ims rms, tginmjm ims v`hrg Gimlsm ch Mohcg. Hl t`hjpms ch pgz prmpmrn`mlgkglsgi, phsngcm y ngngm g ims nmrc`iihrglms, y rhn`kgl ch stms, brutms ytho`cms. Curglth ims phrmcms ch fuhrrg, ims t`jmtms sh prmvhgl chsgi hl ulg j`lg, chsnmlmn`cg pgrg hi emjkrh nmlthjpmrlhm, quhhstgkg uk`ngcg hl ig rhf`l ch Gr`ngfug.

J`hltrgs ims ngr`khs ignustrhs chsnmlmngl ig jmlhcg, ims t`jmtm-nu`ngs ut`i`zgkgl ims qu`thrms pgrg sus lthrngjk`ms nmjhrn`gihs, nml-s`st`hlcm stms hl mv`iims higkmrgcms nml gifmcl e`igcm. Ims gzthngs

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72[LN

ut`i`zgkgl hi ngngm nmjm ul`cgc jmlhtgr`g4 luhstrms gkmrfhlhs lmusgrml hsth brutm, lm mkstglth shr gkulcglth hl igs jmltggs ch igs zm-lgs kgogs y jhc`gs, hsphn`gijhlth hl Qmn y hl igs mr`iigs chi Jmtgtl

y chi Negjg. Hl Jx`nm y Nhltrmgjr`ng hrg ulg pigltg rgrg.Ims nml`ntms grjgcms hl quh sh vhgl hlvuhitgs igs tr`kus nmrc`-

iihrglgs, thjphrgjhltgijhlth pgnngs, sh mr`f`lgkgl hl igs gfrhs`m-lhs ch ims ngr`khs quh hsngigkgl igs jmltggs pgrg gpmchrgrsh ch igss`hjkrgs. Hl hstms nmjkgths nruzgkgl hi g`rh igs hnegs, ims cgrcmsch pgijg, igs jgnglgs y igs emlcgs. Ngkh rhnmrcgr gqu igs bmrt`-ngn`mlhs ehnegs pmr ims t`jmtm-nu`ngs pgrg chbhlchr su nmjgrng? hls`t`ms hstrgtf`nms nmrtgkgl phrphlc`nuigrjhlth igs imjgs, g jglhrgch nune`iigs quh `jphcgl hi pgsm chi hlhj`fm. Hl n`hrtms phmlhshstgkihngl tr`lnehrgs4 tgjk`l iihfgrml g ngvgr prmbulcms emyms quhprmnurgkgl c`s`juigr y hl nuyms bmlcms nigvgkgl hstgngs g l chquh hi gcvhrsgr`m sh prhn`p`tgrg smkrh hiigs.

Igs jgl`bhstgn`mlhs ch ig nuiturg gkmr`fhl

Juy pmng `lbmrjgn`l eg pmc`cm iihfgr egstg lmsmtrms smkrh ignuiturg t`jmtm-nu`ng4 hi igrfm prmnhsm ch nr`st`gl`zgn`l y ch e`s-pgl`zgn`l g quh buhrml smjht`cms hstms gkmrfhlhs curglth ngs`trhs s`fims `jp`c` quh gquhiig nuiturg pr`j`t`vg smkrhv`v`hsh hl submrjg mr`f`lgi. Hi cmfjgt`sjm y ig `ltmihrgln`g iihfgrml `lniusm g`jphc`rihs, kgom phlg ch gzmths, quh ut`i`zgrgl sus prmp`gs ihlfugs.

Igs nrhhln`gs rhi`f`msgs ch hstms `lcfhlgs hrgl juy s`j`igrhs

g igs quh prhcmj`lgkgl hl mtrgs rhf`mlhs chi pgs. Nrhgl hl igsbgnuitgchs smkrhlgturgihs chi ^mi (Nehs) y ch ig Iulg (Neg m _eu)4hlths hstms, hxtrgthrrhlgihs, pihlms ch kmlcgc, nuyg prmthnn`l`jpimrgkgl. Hl hi gcmrgtmr`m ch ^nuquh sh rhlcg nuitm g @ngquh,rhprhshltgcg pmr ulg hsbhrg ch mrm. Hstg c`v`l`cgc lms rhsuitg ulpmnm vgfg hl nugltm g su s`fl`ngn`l4 pgrhnh quh sh trgtgsh ch ulnuitm g ig lgturgihzg. Ims gcmrgtmr`ms nmls`stgl ulgs vhnhs hl fru-tgs, j`hltrgs quh hl mtrgs hrgl nglhyhs4 hi ch ^nuquh, bgjmsm pmrigs `lbmrjgn`mlhs ch Ougl ch Ngsthiiglms, hstgkg bmrjgcm pmr trhsnpuigs (nglhyhs), y pgrhnh egkhr s`cm hi js `jpmrtglth ch ig nm-jgrng ch ims nu`ngs. Hl ims rhn`ltms sgnrms egkg s`hjprh ul hlvgshch kgrrm nmn`cm, chsnglsglcm smkrh ul trpmch4 hl i sh quhjgkgl

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76[LN

frglms ch ngngm, nmjm mbrhlcg g igs c`v`l`cgchs. Qgrg nmljhjmrgr`jpmrtglths gnmlthn`j`hltms m pgrg smi`n`tgr urfhlths bgvmrhs, shmbrhngl emimngustms ch gl`jgihs, hsphn`gijhlth vhlgcms. ^im eg

quhcgcm nmjprmkgcm hi sgnr`n`m ch l`ms hl igs nhrnglgs ch Ig-ful`iigs ch Jr`cg. Gnmstujkrgkgl ims t`jmtms iglzgr g ig igfulgchi Xrgm, hstgs nr`gturgs g l ch mkthlhr ch ig c`v`l`cgc hi rhjhc`mg gifulg ngigj`cgc nmihnt`vg.

Hl nmjpihjhltm ch sus r`tms rhi`f`msms, chsgrrmiigrml ims gkm-rfhlhs gifulgs grthsglgs y grths, nmjm ig nhrj`ng, ig js`ng, hingltm y ig cglzg4 tgjk`l ul nmloultm ch hxphr`hln`gs jhc`n`lgihs.

Hl ig phrsmlg chi p`gneh m ehne`nhrm nmlvhrfgl ig c`rhnn`lch igs prnt`ngs rhi`f`msgs y ig gpi`ngn`l ch igs brjuigs nurgt`vgs.Hsth phrsmlgoh, pgrg `lthrprhtgr jhomr g igs c`v`l`cgchs y gi j`sjmt`hjpm, pgrg chsgrrmiigr bgnuitgchs hxnhpn`mlgihs, hrg smjht`cm g ulhltrhlgj`hltm juy s`lfuigr. im pmcg nmjul`ngrsh nml igs c`v`l`-cgchs y hxprhsgr sus chs`fl`ms gksthl`lcmsh ch prmkgr ig sgi y ch tm-jgr ne`neg. Qhrm gchjs ch hstgs bgnuitgchs smkrhlgturgihs, hi p`gnehpmshg nmlmn`j`hltms hjpr`nms, trgsj`t`cms ch fhlhrgn`l hl fhlh-

rgn`l, y gpi`ngkg brjuigs shnrhtgs pgrg chvmivhr ig sgiuc, ut`i`zglcmvhfhtgihs y vsnhrgs ch gl`jgihs. Nmjm chpms`tgr`m ch hxtrgmrc`lgr`g`luhln`g, jhrhng ul frgl rhsphtm ch tmcg ig nmjul`cgc.

Hl nugltm g nhrj`ng, higkmrgkgl furgs ch phquhm y frgl tg-jgm, quh rhprhshltgkgl bmrjgs ch emjkrhs, ch gl`jgihs m ch gifu-lms mkohtms pmr hiims nmlmn`cms. Qgrg ims hsphn`gi`stgs hl hstg jgthr`g,tgihs furgs hvmngl hi jgz, igs turjgs (pgpgs), ig jgthrl`cgc, ig

fuhrrg, htn. Junegs vhnhs rhnuhrcgl gifl sunhsm trgsnhlchltgi.Hxprhs`l chi shlt`j`hltm rhi`f`msm hs ig js`ng nml sus ngltmsy sus cglzgs. Ims jmltmlms ngltms hrgl gnmjpggcms pmr tmcmul nmloultm `lstrujhltgi, bmrjgcm pmr ig ne`r`jg, ig fugrurg, igquhlg, igs gutgs ch ngg, ims tgjkmrhs y igs jgrgngs. Gi nmjpsch sus r`tjms y kgom hi hstjuim ch ig ne`neg, igs juit`tuchs cglzg-kgl `l`lthrrujp`cgjhlth. Hstgs nhihkrgn`mlhs thlgl sus jmt`vmshsphn`gihs? pmcg trgtgrsh ch ig kgogcg chi Nehs hl ig prmx`j`cgc chigs nmshnegs, ch ig prhpgrgn`l ch ul nmjkgth m pmr hi gcvhl`j`hl-tm ch ul sunhsm bgvmrgkih m gcvhrsm. Hl ig nmjgrng ch ims t`jmthssh prgnt`ngkg ig cglzg ch ims gfhiglths, hl nuym chsgrrmiim ims kg`-igr`lhs tmngkgl ig jgrgng nml ulg jglm y nml ig mtrg sh gzmtgkgl

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75[LN

igs hspgicgs4 ig junehcujkrh prhshln`gkg ig gfhign`l, iglzglcmhxprhs`mlhs ch cmimr. Hlthrlhn`cm hi Nehs pmr ig nmltr`n`l nmihnt`-vg, c`sphlsgkg sus bgvmrhs.

Ch ig pmhsg gkmr`fhl smigjhlth nmlmnhjms cms ngltms fuhrrh-rms, nmjpuhstms lcucgkihjhlth nml jmt`vm ch ig lvgs`l hspgmig.Cml [gbghi Jgrg Xrrhnehgfg y cml Sui`m Bhkrhs Nmrchrm, hl hi nursmch sus lvhst`fgn`mlhs e`str`ngs, imfrgrml mrims ch igk`ms y hl ihlfuggkmrfhlhs, y iuhfm ch `lnmrpmrgrims gi vhrsm ngsthiiglm, e`n`hrml pm-s`kih quh tgl khiims pmhjgs, iihfgshl egstg lmsmtrms.

NGLSM FXH[[H[M CH IM^ NX@NG^Srgcunn`l ch [. J. Xrrhnehgfg

Jgcrh Neg quh hsts hl ig jmltgg,nml tu pi`cg iuz giujkrgj` ngkgg.

Qgcrh Nehs, quh giujkrgs nml grcmr,lm giujkrhs hi ngj`lm gi `lvgsmr.Me, Jgcrh @ngquh? jglcg tus ogfugrhs4chsgtg hi vhltgrrl ysuhitg tus nlcmrhs.

Gig ims nmij`iims ch igs jgpglgrhsy gl`qu`ig g ims kiglnms

nml cmimrhs.Jgcrh @ngquh, quh v`vhs hl Wu`kgm4Qgcrh Nehs, Jgcrh Neg, gi`jhltgc j` hspr`tunml iigjg chrhlnmr.Hnegc hi buhfm quh ngin`lg, hi gfug quh chstruyh,ims rgyms chigs lukhs, truhlms ch igs jmltggs.Qgcrh Nehs, g j` trmoh rhpihtg nml frglms gkulcmsms4iihlg j`s miigs nml ig buhrth ne`negy g j` phnem nml vgimr.

G j` juohr quh nrg, cgih phnems

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70[LN

quh jglhl rms ch ihneh kiglng.Qgcrh Nehs, cgjh ulg hneg gfucgquh jgth gi `lvgsmr.

S`hjpig hi krgzmquh c`spgrh hsg hneg s`l thjmr.

Pm smy tu e om. Me, Nehs, j` shmr!, ym smy tu hsnigvm.Me Neg, j` shmrg! Cgcjh ig ne`neg ch tu `ljhlsm vgimr.Cgcjh g nmjhr hl ngrlh hi mc`m chi `lvgsmr.

NGLSM FXH[[H[M CH IM^ S@JMSH^Srgcunn`l ch cml Sui`m Bhkrhs Nmrchrm

Nmrrh vhimz hi v`hltm4 nmrrh vhimz hi gfug4nmrrh vhimz ig p`hcrg quh ngh ch ig jmltgg.

Nmrrhc fuhrrhrms, vmigc hl nmltrg chi hlhj`fm4

nmrrhc vhimnhsnmjm hi v`hltm,nmjm hi gfug,nmjm ig p`hcrg quh ngh ch ig jmltgg.

Buhrth hs hi rkmi quh rhs`sth gi v`hltm4buhrth hs ig rmng quh rhs`sth gi rm4

buhrth hs ig l`hvh ch luhstrms prgjms quh rhs`sth gi smi.Qhihgc, fuhrrhrms, phihgc, vgi`hlths4 jmstrgms buhrthsnmjm ims rkmihs,nmjm igs rmngs,nmjm igs l`hvhs ch igs jmltggs.

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;1[LN

K@KI@MF[GBG

NG[CM_M, G[SX[M, (7028). Qrmnhsm ch ig e`stmr`g ch ims Glchs. Ngrgngs.

@iustrgn`l? F`ikhrtm Gltmilhz.

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;7[LN

HL MS[G MNG^@L eh egkigcm gnhrng chi chsgrrmiim quh hi thgtrmginglz hltrh ims `lc`ms jgdu y o`rgogrg ch ims Glchs vhlhzmiglms.Hltmlnhs rhngingkg hi ehnem ch quh hi thgtrm buh ul jhc`m ch gnn`lsmn`gi ut`i`zgcm pmr ims sgnhrcmths ch ig nugs` thmnrgn`g glc`lg, nmlhi l ch bmrtgihnhr hl ims gcuitms ig i`fgzl jst`ng g ig t`hrrg chigkmr, y ch nrhgr hl ims l`ms y gcmihsnhlths hsh j`sjm shlt`j`hltmgs nmjm hi ch `chlt`ngn`l nml ims chgihs glnhstrgihs ch ims glth-pgsgcms ch igs tr`kus.

Jhc`m cmnhlth ch frgl s`fl`ngn`l buh hi thgtrm, quh chskmrcig s`jpih `lthln`l rhi`f`msg y pmit`ng ch nmehs`l girhchcmr chigfrm hlthlc`cm nmjm iufgr ch nglsgln`m pgrg hi c`ms, bmrtgihzgchi c`ms, ngjpm ch bghlg pgrg hi c`ms. Ig ch`cgc gfrnmig cgkg hihohjpim ch nmlsgfrgn`l g ig t`hrrg, y g ig cglzg nhrhjml`gi, kgshchi thgtrm glc`lm4 rhnmrcgkg hi chkhr ch ngcg lcfhlg ch smsthlhrims hsbuhrzms chi shr suprgeujglm bhnulcgcmr ch igs j`hshs y

juit`pi`ngcmr ch igs hsphn`hs gl`jgihs y ch ig rgzg eujglg. Jgshi thgtrm jgdu y o`rgogrg `ltrmcuom gchjs hi rhnuhltm ehrm`nm, hingltm ir`nm, hi sg`lhth nj`nm y ig frgl ul`cgc ch e`str`ly nmrmquh nuij`l ig rhprhshltgn`l yg purgjhlth trf`ng. Igs jmt`-vgn`mlhs ch gquhi thgtrm buhrml pr`ln`pgijhlth? g) hi `jpuism ch

F`ikhrtm Gltmilhz

I NE@RM ^GF[GCM

CH IG^ CGL_G^ GLC@LG^H

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;;[LN

nmlshrvgn`l chi frupm, jgf`g ch r`tms, hlngltgj`hltms y nmltrg-ehne`zms4 k) hi `jpuism ch nmlshrvgn`l ch igs i`ths? sgnhrcmthsy fuhrrhrms, hl hi ngltm ch fhstg, y hl ig lgrrgn`l j`igfrmsg4 n)

hi `jpuism ch sgivgn`l rhi`f`msg chi frupm, hl ig rhprhshltgn`lcrgjt`ng tmtgi ch ig v`cg, pgs`l, juhrth y rhv`v`ngn`l chi c`msgfrnmig quh sh nrhg rhs`chlth hl hi kmsquh, ig pigltg nuit`vgcg, hifrglm ch nhrhgi ch ig nmshneg.

Ig cglzg glc`lg yg rhkgsgkg ig htgpg `l`n`gi gjgzl`ng ch imspuhkims rhnmihntmrhs, phsngcmrhs y ngzgcmrhs, quh chphlcgl chims n`nims ch ig lgturgihzg y hi rf`jhl ni`jt`nm, y hltrgl chiihlm hl ig hxpgls`l jhlms gl`jgi y js hsp`r`tugi`zgcg ch igs

nuiturgs gfrnmigs. ^` hi gjgzl`nm nhihkrg nml gyulms `l`n`gihs igpur`ngn`l, gksthln`l shlsugi y js tgrch cglzgs, i`kgn`mlhsy mrfgs ch ig ngrlh, hi jgcurgj`hltm ch ims brutms chi kmsquh,ig s`hrrg m ig sgkglg, hi chsmvh ch phnhs, gvhs y rhpt`ihs y ig jui-t`pi`ngn`l ch ims nugcrphcms4 hi glc`lm, g su turlm, im egnh hlgnn`l ch frgn`gs pmr ig it`jg nmshneg. Jgs lm egy trgc`n`l gi-fulg ch quh ig nhrhjml`g ngjphstrh ch ims Glchs, nuij`lgr hl

kgnglgi pr`p`ng. Hi glc`lm buh junem js ngstm, puhstm quh sunuiturg hstgkg n`jhltgcg nml kgsh hl buhrths rhprhs`mlhs y ch trg-kgom jprmkm y nmlt`lum, pmr ig gr`chz y hsngrpgj`hltm ch ig t`h-rrg, y ig hsngshz ch suhim nml jglt`iim. Ig hrms`l gsnhlchlth chig s`hrrg e`zm gi glc`lm emjkrh ch jtmcm y hnmlmjg ch buhrzgsy hjmn`mlhs. Smcm jpuism v`tgi hstgkg sukmrc`lgcm g cms pr`ln`-p`ms? hi trgkgom ch ig t`hrrg y ig prhpgrgn`l pgrg ig mtrg v`cg, hltrhims glthpgsgcms y ims c`mshs, hstms it`jms tgjk`l glthpgsgcms.

Buh nrhhln`g glc`lg, juy nmrr`hlth hl ig Gjr`ng `lcfhlgnmjm hltrh ims puhkims `lfhlums ch tmcm hi julcm y hi vuifm chigs lgn`mlhs n`v`i`zgcgs, gquhiig `chg pgfglg ch quh hi hspr`tu chic`ms ch ig vhfhtgn`l hst prhshlth hl hi it`jm frglm rhnmf`cm, hlig it`jg fgv`iig shfgcg, hl ig egr`lg chi nhrhgi tr`turgcm hl hi jh-tgth, hi jmrthrm m hi jmi`lm. Hi prmnhsm ch nrhn`j`hltm ch ig j`hs?tr`fm, nhlthlm, nhkgcg, grrmz, jgz, br`omihs, hl tmcm hi julcm, hrg`lthrprhtgcm nmjm lgn`j`hltm, nrhn`j`hltm, chng`j`hltm, gfmlgy juhrth chi c`ms ch ims shjkrgcms pr`j`t`vgjhlth c`ms ch imskmsquhs smi`tgr`ms quh t`hlh iufgr ngcg gm. Gi rhlc`r prmcuntm,hi c`ms chsbgiihnh hl `fugi jhc`cg quh ig r`quhzg ch ig brunths-nhln`g. Ig v`cg chi c`ms pgsg gi emjkrh hl ig sustgln`g chi frglm

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tulc`cm, tr`turgcm, vuhitm egr`lg. Ch gii sjkmim ul`vhrsgi ch igc`v`l`cgc chi pgl. Hi emjkrh hs ul chvmrgcmr chi c`msy hsth it`jmchkh shr rhnmjphlsgcm y chvuhitm g su hlhrfgch glthnmshneg, hl

v`rtuc chi k`hl j`sjm, hl hi buturm ch ims emjkrhs. Nml ul c`msjuhrtm lm puhch egkhr luhvg nmshneg.Hi pgphi ch ig cglzg hl imsGlchs nmls`stg, hl junem, hl ulg bmrjg j`jt`ng ch ig v`cg,pgs`l, juhrth y rhv`tgi`zgn`l chi c`ms-nhrhgi, rhprhshltgcg pgrgrhtrgsj`t`rih luhvgjhlth ig buhrzg v`tgi quh phrc`hrg gquhi hl igprmcunn`l gfrnmig.

Egstg luhstrms cgs sh egl nmlshrvgcm rhstms phrv`vhlths chigs ehrjmsgs cglzgs ch luhstrms gkmrfhlhs glc`lms. Nmltrgstgl-

cm nml ig pr`j`t`v`cgc ch igs nhrhjml`gs ngzgcmrgs y rhnmihntmrgsch ims puhkims js glt`fums hl Igrg, Bginl, _ui`g y Kgr`lgs, imsjudu y o`rgogrg higkmrgrml cglzgs hl igs nugihs pgip`tg ul shl-t`j`hltm cuinh, hjmt`vm y juy hst`i`zgcm `lsp`rgcm hl hi nuitmch ims c`mshs, ch ims juhrtms y ch ig t`hrrg. Hi c`ms hs ul juhrtmgsnhlc`cm hl hi hsngigbl hsp`r`tugi, phrhll`zgcm hl rmng brf`cg?hi Juhrtm y Smthj trglsbmrjgcm hl Qrgjm `lgjmv`kih y trglsthjpm-

rgi. Ig v`cg chi `lc`m ch ims Glchs buh ul gsnhlsm, frgcg g frgcg,egn`g ig j`lhrgi`zgn`l? egn`g ig hthrl`ngn`l chi emjkrh pmrsu trglsjutgn`l hl p`hcrg rf`cg. ^jkmim ch ig p`hcrg rmtul-cgjhlth jgsnui`lm, tgltm nmjm ig grn`iig cnt`i y chihzlgkih imhs chi shlt`j`hltm ch igs nuiturgs bhjhl`lgs. Qhrm hl ig rhi`f`lglc`lg, hi Juhrtm m Sthj buh iigjgcm hi Bhnulcgcmr4 ig jm-j`g chi ngcvhr nmlshrvg pgrg hi puhkim ig v`cg, buhlth jf`ngy rhprmcuntmrg chi gkuhim-prmthntmr4 ig nuhvg-shpuinrm j`ltmyhs

gchjs ch s`t`m bulhrgr`m, ul frglhrm y thjpim gfrnmig? hi Juhrtmhlvg m qu`tg ig iiuv`g y hi sgnhrcmth t`hlh ig nigvh chi jglhom chims juhrtms. Qmr hsm iihfg g shr hl ig smn`hcgc hi vhrcgchrm cmj`-lgcmr, y sus `lthrhshs nmimrhgl hi grth ch ul buhrth tmlm rhi`f`msm.Ig cglzg lm sh hsngpg g tgi `luom, y tgi nugi gl puhch mkshr-vgrsh yg jmc`ngcg pmr lhfrms y hxtrhjhms quh pgip`tg hl higphfgj`hltm jst`nm g ig t`hrrg? gi mvgr`m sgfrgcm, g nuym rhsnmicmsh hr`fh ig nemzg ch ims Glchs y g nuym smgjg fugrcg ngimr chv`cg hi nuhrpm jmj`ngcm chi glnhstrm.

Hl hi puhkihn`tm ch Ig Qultg, hl hi hstgcm Jr`cg, tmcgvg shnmlshrvg ig cglzg ch gnn`l ch frgn`gs pmr ims brutms gfrnmigsy su nhrhjml`g jf`ng emjhmpt`ng ch rhv`tgi`zgn`l chi c`ms

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gfrhsth. Jgrg Iu`sg Hsnmkgr im mkshrv hl ul v`goh quh e`n`hrgpmr gquhiims pgrgohs, s` k`hl nml ul nr`thr`m js ch jus`nimfgquh ch bmidimr`stg. P Jgr`m ch Igrg urc` gifl nmjhltgr`m smkrh

ims cgtms rhnmf`cms pmr hiig, hl igs pf`lgs chi Kmihtl Igt`lmgjhr`-nglm ch Js`ngch Jmlthv`chm. Jgs bgit pgrg ig smi`chz jgymr chinmjhltgr`m, ig `lvhst`fgn`l hl hi gijg prmbulcg chi `lc`m ch ims

Glchs, rf`cm y si`cm hl su gls`g ch vhrt`ngi`cgc, phrjglhln`gy hthrl`cgc. Lm sh prhst gthln`l gifulg g ig `lcujhltgr`g chicglzglth, quh tgltg `lbmrjgn`l euk`hsh cgcm gnhrng ch igs phr-v`vhln`gs chi trgoh mr`f`lgi ch ims `ltrprhths. Wu`hrm gqu hlsgygrj` prmp`ms nmjhltgr`ms, hl im pgrt`nuigr thrrurhm nmjm hl im

eujglm ul`vhrsgi.Im lc`m lm chkh shr j`rgcm nmjm nr`thr`m ch vgiih nml hfms-

jm ch ngjpglgr`m. Hi `lc`m fugrcg junems ngrgnthrhs prmp`msch tmcms ims puhkims ch nuiturg lm rgn`mlgi`stg, ngrgnthrhs glv`v`hlths hl hi vuifm, hl ims ihtrgcms ch igs lgn`mlhs ch nuiturg hlnujkrh ch n`v`i`zgn`l. Ig cglzg ch Ig Qultg chkh vhrsh chltrmchi pglmrgjg chi phlsgj`hltm jf`nm-rhi`f`msm ul`vhrsgi. ^u nm-

lhx`l hltrh hi c`ms ch ims shjkrgcms, ig bhnulc`cgc ch igs pigl-tgs, gl`jgihs y emjkrhs, ig jgf`g shxugi y ul gl`jgi sgigz quheg ch shr sgnr`ngcm chspus ch ig nmshneg, chkh s`tugrsh chltrmchi n`nim ch ig nrhhln`g ul`vhrsgi hl ig hx`sthln`g ch ul c`ms mhspr`tu chi frglm quh hx`sth hl hi it`jm egz ch nhrhgi, m hl igit`jg shj`iig rhnmf`cg, y trglsbmrjgcm hl gl`jgi.

Ig cglzg ch Ig Qultg suf`hrh hi prmnhsm ch ig s`hjkrg y nm-shneg chi c`ms, nml trgohs hxtrgvgfglths, c`nh Jgr`m ch Igrg. Igs

bmtmfrgbgs quh tmj Jgrg Iu`sg lms chjuhstrgl quh, gi igcm ch`luhln`gs hl hi vhstugr`m lhtgjhlth nmiml`gihs (pgltgil nmrtmy ogkl kmrcgcm, jhc`gs rmsg) m rhpuki`nglgs (dp`s brglns chishfulcm `jphr`m), sh nmlshrvgl hi glt`fum phlgnem ch piujgsch nmimrhs (rhign`mlgcm nml hi grnm `r`s bhnulcgcm) y ig jgrgngtrgc`n`mlgi ch ims jmoglhs gkmrfhlhs. Igs pgrhogs hstl bmrjg-cgs pmr emjkrhs l`ngjhlth? lm egy ulg c`st`ln`l ngp`tgi chig cglzg glc`lg brhlth g ig cglzg gjgzl`ng, prhbhrhlthjhlthpgrg emjkrhs hl su jmjhltm hsmtr`nm, chsch hsth gsphntm ch ignhrhjml`g. ^h nmimngl hl cms igs pgrgihigs, brhlth g brhlth, c`r`-f`cms pmr ul ngp`tl quh sh jglt`hlh g ig ngkhzg chi jmv`j`hltm.Smcms iihvgl hl ig jglm `zqu`hrcg ulg jgrgng, y hl ig chrhneg

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ulg vhrg m fgrrmth ch pgim curm. Kg`igl gi nmjps chi s`fu`hlth r`tjm?nmj`hlzg kg`iglcm hi ngp`tl, hi nugi sh c`st`lfuh pmr trhs ngpgs chnmimrhs c`bhrhlths (sjkmim chi grnm `r`s) quh gnmjpggl g su gtgvm,

y rhnmrrh gs tmcm hi trhnem nmjprhlc`cm hltrh ulm y mtrm hxtrhjm chig ig ch cglzgr`lhs.Qr`jhr jmv`j`hltm.Ig tujkg m tgig.^uf`hrh hi gntm gfrnmig prh-

i`j`lgr chi chsjmlth chi ngjpm ch igkrglzg. Igs pgrhogs, s`fu`hlcmjs hi r`tjm quh hi jmv`j`hltm jhic`nm, gvglzgl y gi hstgr nhrngigs cms igs, nemngl hl gitm ims pgims, giholcmsh ljhc`gtgjhlth pgrglf`r egn`g gbuhrg hl hi g`rh ig gnn`l ch nmrtgr ulg rgjg.

^hfulcm jmv`j`hltm. Ig rmzg m quhjg.^uf`hrh hi gntm ch `lnhl-

c`gr hi thrrhlm pgrg quh ig nhl`zg s`rvg ch gkmlm. Ims pgims hl vhz ch`r g nemngr hltrh s, sml c`r`f`cms ch pultg egn`g gkgom, tmnglcm buhrth-jhlth hi suhim g nmjps. Ngltgl s`l pgigkrgs jmlmc`g s`jpi`ngcgquh s`rvh ch ih`tjmt`vg ig cglzg. Qgrg thrj`lgr hsth jmv`j`hltm shhxn`tgl, nmrr`hlcm y iglzglcm fr`tms mlmjgtmpy`nms quh rhnuhrcglims ch ims gl`jgihs hlnhrrgcms pmr hi buhfm hl igs quhjgs ch luhstrmsnmlunms.

Shrnhr jmv`j`hltm. Ig s`hjkrg. Nmj`hlzg hstg furg hstglcmtmcms ims pgims hl hi suhim, pmr smkrh ims nugihs nmrrh vgr`gs vhnhs hingp`tl. Iuhfm sh rhp`thl ims jmv`j`hltms glthr`mrhs ngs` hijhlth.

Nugrtm jmv`j`hltm. Ig nmshneg.C`nh Jgrg Iu`sg?

Rgl hl ig kg`iglcm hi nmjps. Hi ngp`tl vg gchiglth y iihvghi pgim gitm hltrh su cms jglms, clcmih vuhitgs smkrh s j`sjm.Ims chjs vgl chtrs ch i. Egnhl ulg ruhcg y hi ngp`tl quhcg

hl hi jhc`m. ^`juigl quh egl hlnhrrgcm ul ne`vm y f`rgl hltmrlm g i, krgjglcm nmjm ims ne`vms. Hi ngp`tl sh vg nmrr`hlcm4hiims sh rhpgrthl hl cms igs, ulg vhz ch ul igcm, mtrg chi mtrm hlfurg ch nuhrlms egstg quh sh oultgl.

Wu`ltm jmv`j`hltm. Hsth qu`ltm jmv`j`hltm hs hi lgi, phrmg luhstrm ou`n`m hs ul ggc`cm quh lgcg t`hlh quh vhr nml hi shlt`-cm ch ims glthr`mrhs. h trgtg ch ul gntm s`jpihjhlth hurmphm. Imscglzgr`lhs thrj`lgl kg`iglcm gi nmjps ch ul vgis, hl pgrhogs,nmjhltg lgijhlth Jgr`m ch Igrg.

Ig v`s`l ch Jgr`m ch Igrg hs sujgjhlth hsnuhtg y pmkrh,e`og ch su hx`fum nmlmn`j`hltm gltrmpmif`nm. Hl pr`ln`p`m, j`

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`lthrprhtgn`l suf`hrh ig `chlt`cgc ch ig vhrg m fgrrmth nml ig nmgquh hltrh luhstrms lcfhlgs shrvg ch gzgcg pgrg rmturgr ig t`hrrg.Ig jgrgng shfurgjhlth jgrn hi r`tjm curglth ig bghlg ngjph-

s`lg ch ims Glchs? su js`ng hrg nmlourm gtrgyhlth chi hspr`tu chims glthpgsgcms, puhs egstg hi j`sjm lmjkrh jgrgng sh rhign`mlgnml jgr` jr`rr`, gjgr`vgng, jgr`-jgr`, lmjkrhs gjgzl`nms higijg-smjkrg ch ims juhrtms, chi kruom, chi c`ms chi jmr`neh y chig cglzg ch ims juhrtms grgwgd y dgr`kh. Ig jgrgng, puhs, rhfuiig gnn`l lhurmjmtmrg, c`strgom hl ig bghlg gi shjkrgcmr y c`m igshfur`cgc ch ig prmthnn`l ch hspr`tus khlnms? su gnn`l buhjit`pih. Hi shfulcm jmv`j`hltm, js gii ch ig rmzg, yg `l`n`g

jj`ngjhlth hi gntm ch c`ms quh eg ch shr hlthrrgcm pgrg quhrhv`vg hl ig fhrj`lgn`l s`fu`hlth. Hl hi thrnhr jmv`j`hltm, chs-pus ch ig bufg ch ims gl`jgihs s`ivhstrhs, nuyms hspr`tus chkhlshr rhnmjphlsgcms jhc`glth sgnr`n`ms, hi ngp`tl, glths sgnhr-cmth lhtg hlngrlgn`l thjpmrgi chi c`ms nmrrh smkrh igs nmgsegn`lcmigs bruntbhrgs, hspgrn`hlcm smkrh hiigs hi Nehs m Nehligsustgln`g buhrzg lutr`t`vg y sgfrgcg. Nehlv`hlh ch Ne`j,quh hl

ne`kneg hrg hi fhrjhl ch ig iuz, ig v`cg prhfhls`ng, igthlth y ms-nurg, jhtgbr`ngjhlth knuim, gyucg, nmlsuhim, grr`jm, gjpgrm,prmthnn`l, smnmrrm, gux`i`m, bgvmr, hl l tmcm im quh hs prmp`mch c`ms (Gnmstg Mrthfl)4 hs hi pr`ln`p`m ch tmcg ngrlh, puhsNe`j` s`fl`ng fmrcm, puipg, ngrlh, C`ms. Hsth pigsjg shj`lgichsn`hlch ch igs giturgs ch ims prgjms smkrh igs nmgs, sjkmimsjgsnui`lms phrbmrgcmrhs ch ig t`hrrg mvgr`m. R`hlh iuhfm hi nugrtmjmv`j`hltm, quh jhrhnh ulg phquhg c`frhs`l.

Gemrg gpgrhnh hi ngp`tl, glths sgnhrcmth, nmjm hlnhrrgcm hlul nrnuim nuym jmv`j`hltm `l`n`gi ch nemngr ims pgims ch ig-krglzg `lc`ng ulg gnt`tuc gfrhs`vg4 ig nmstujkrh ch ims pr`j`t`vmsgfr`nuitmrhs quh hstgkihng hi sgnr`n`m ch qu`hl shfgrg ig it`jgfgv`iig m rhnmf`hsh hi it`jm frglm, pmr shr hlngrlgn`l thjpmrgichi hspr`tu chi c`ms ch ims nhrhgihs. Nmstujkrh quh Brgshr hstu-c`g hl Hurmpg, Gs`g, br`ng, Mnhglg y Gjr`ng. Hi sgnhrcmth shgutmsust`tuyh pmr ul ne`vm, gl`jgi yg sufhr`cm pmr hi jmv`j`hltmhl nuhrlms ch ims cglzgr`lhs j`sjms. Ngkh gqu rhnmrcgr ig nhrh-jml`g s`j`igr gzthng? hl hi bhst`vgi ch rhnmihnn`l, nuglcm sh mbrh-ngl igs pr`j`n`gs ch rhnmihnn`l gi smi, nmimngkgl g ul nr`j`lgihltrh cms hlmrjhs p`hcrgs (sjkmim chi frglm hltrh ig jglm ch

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jmihr y hi jhtgth) quh kgiglnhgkgl nmltrgr`gjhlth y quh gi nem-ngr gpigstgkgl hltrh hiigs gi ngut`vm, nuyms rhstms sh hlthrrgkgl ychspus nhihkrgkgl ul bhstl y kg`ih4 hsth sgnr`n`m hrg nmlmn`cm

pmr hi lmjkrh ch hi hlnuhltrm ch igs p`hcrgs. Hstm lms hxpi`ng hihln`hrrm ch ig hlngrlgn`l chi c`ms? hi sgnhrcmth. Hi c`ms-nhrhgi hsul rhm, ul nmlchlgcm, nmjm hl ims r`tms ch Gcml`s, Sgjjuz,

Gtt`s, Ms`r`s y C`ml`s`ms, nmjm Ohss, ^hmr chi tr`fm, chi v`lm y chig emst`g. Nmjm Purupgr, Fhl`m chi kmsquh, ^hmr ch igs pgijh-rgs bruntbhrgs. Hi c`ms eg ch shr chvmrgcm nmjm egr`lg y krhkgohngsgkh y ngrgtm, grhpg y ne`neg, pgl z`jm y v`lm rhn`hlth pmrims cglzgr`lhs? hs ulg nmjul`l hl c`ms. Hi `lc`m jhr`chm c`nh?

ne`jgom, ne`jgkl, ne`oggd, m shg, cglzgr, khkhr i`nmr, nmjhr hlnmjpgg. P gqu gpgrhnh ig hxpi`ngn`l if`ng chi jmv`j`hltmlgi ch ig "Cglzg jhr`chg chi jgz", quh ig j`mpg ch Jgr`m chIgrg nrhh gfrhfgcm hspgmi, l`ngjhlth pmrquh hi `lc`m sust`tuyhi kg`ih j`jt`nm y tmtj`nm ch su nuiturg mr`f`lgi pmr hi vgis.

Hltrh ims junems gl`jgihs hl quh sh supmlh quh sh eg rhbu-f`gcm hi hspr`tu chi frglm, sh nuhltgl ims s`fu`hlths? imkm, phrrm,

i`hkrh, zmrrm, fgiim, fglzm, nmcmrl`z, fgtm, ngkrg, vgng, kuhy, tmrm,nhrcm, ngkgiim, n`hrvm, mvhog, msm, rgtl, n`fhg, n`slh y j`iglm.Hl Gjr`ng hi gl`jgi js nmlsp`num suhih shr hi vhlgcm m n`hrvm(ch ge luhstrg cglzg ch Hi vhlgc`tm), y tgjk`l ig n`fhg mjwgr`,ngusg ch ig cglzg ch su lmjkrh. Hl hi nugrtm jmv`j`hl-tm ul ne`vm sust`tuyh gi c`ms hlngrlgcm hl hi sgnhrcmth. Qhrm hine`vm ch gemrg buh hi n`hrvm chi lcfhlg, ch ig cglzg ch Purupgr,Jwgr`, Ngne`jglg, ig turg y s`j`igrhs tmcgvg v`fhlths.

Hl ig trgc`n`l e`spl`ng vhlg yg hi ne`vm sgnr`ngcm4 pmr imsoucms hl hi ngkrl s`l jglneg ch ig hstg glugi (ne`vm Gzgzhi)4pmr ims glthpgsgcms lrc`nms hl ig ngkrg ch ig j`hs quh cg tm-phtgzms g ims shjkrgcmrhs curglth ig nmshneg4 y hl js rhjmtmsglthpgsgcms chi jhc`thrrlhm, hl hi ngkrm ch C`ml`s`ms furgcmnmjm l`m nml nuhrlms. Smcgvg hl ig Kgog Kgv`hrg, sh pmlh smkrh igfgii`lg ul pgr ch nuhrlms y sh ih cg hi lmjkrh ch ig ngkrg nmrlucg.Hl br`ng lm sh sgnr`ngkg gi jgnem ngkrm, s`lm g ulg junegnegm g ul hxtrglohrm. Qhrm pgrhnh quh hl ul t`hjpm lm tgl rhjmtm chig eujgl`cgc, ig nmstujkrh ul`vhrsgi buh sgnr`ngr gi shr eujglm,chvmrgcm iuhfm hl ul kglquhth sgfrgcm. Hstg nmstujkrh puhch nm-lhntgrsh nml ig gltrmpmimfg r`tugi ch luhstrms gkmrfhlhs.

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Hi shlt`cm ch ig Cglzg ch Ig Qultg hs hl rhsujhl? ul jhc`m chmkthlhr ig bhnulcgn`l chi suhim y chsgfrgv`gr g ims hspr`tus ngj-phstrhs, gl`jgihs mbhlc`cms hl ig quhjg4 gnn`l ch frgn`gs pmr

ig it`jg nmshneg4 hohnun`l ch ulg jjhs`s rhi`f`msg ch ig v`cg,juhrth y rhsurrhnn`l chi c`ms-nhrhgi pgrg rhv`tgi`zgr hi julcmg su nu`cgcm4 y ig mkthln`l ch ulg v`vhln`g nmihnt`vg, lhxm chul`l ch im pmit`nm, smn`gi, hstt`nm, t`nm y rhi`f`msm-jf`nm nmligs gsp`rgn`mlhs `lc`v`cuglths ch ig nmln`hln`g ch ngcg j`hjkrmch ig tr`ku. Ig chstrunn`l rhphlt`lg ch hsth julcm trgc`n`mlgi`lcfhlg puhch thlhrsh nmjm ulg ch igs ngusgs pr`ln`pgihs ch igchs`lthfrgn`l nuiturgi judu y o`rgogrg ch ims Glchs? ig cglzg rh-

i`f`msg, jf`ng y gfrnmig hstgkg tgl buhrthjhlth `lthfrgcg gi rhs-tglth nmloultm ch lmrjgs y vgimrhs, quh su chsgpgr`n`l hltrggkgulg rupturg chi hqu`i`kr`m nmihnt`vm y, nml hiig, ig chsgpgr`n`l chims glt`fums lhxms ch nmehs`l tr`kgi y ig prc`cg `rrhjhc`gkihchi shlt`j`hltm ch shfur`cgc eujglg.

Hi Xl`vhrsgi, 7> ch jgym ch 7038.

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Frgkgcm ch F`ikhrtm Gltmilhz.

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Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rrgfmrry

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Cmj`lfm J`i`gl`

GlthnhchlthHL OXL@M CH 7006, v`s`t Hspgg. ^h nujpigl n`hl gms chilgn`j`hltm ch Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry. Egki smkrh i hl hi Nmih-f`m Jgymr Fugcgiupglm ch Jgcr`c y hl ig nthcrg "Brgy Iu`s chIhl" ch ig Qmlt`n`g Xl`vhrs`cgc ch ^gigjglng.

Hl shpt`hjkrh v`go pmr shfulcg vhz egstg ^gigjglng pgrgc`ntgr nursms hl ig nthcrg Oms Gltml`m [gjms ^unrh ch I`th-

rgturg Rhlhzmiglg. Igs cms mngs`mlhs jh phrj`t`hrml j`rgr chnhrng iufgrhs quh gnhltugrml ig jhjmr`g ch v`vhln`gs ihcgs hlig mkrg ch cml Jgr`m? ig ngsg ch Khgtr`z Fgi`lcm (7368-78>3) (IgIgt`lg) hl ulg ngiih ch ^gigjglng. Xlms hstuc`glths vhlhzmiglmsquh nursgkgl su pmstfrgcm hl ig Xl`vhrs`cgc (Ougl Ngrims Ne`r`-lms y Mntgv`m Fmlzihz), jh egkigrml chi puhkihn`tm ch Ihchsjg,c`stglth g pmnms d`ijhtrms ch ig n`ucgc sgijlt`ng. Gii bu` nmlims prmbhsmrhs gj`fms Ngrjhl [u`z Kgrr`mluhvm, Nsgr [hgi y ims

G[@M K[@NHM @[GFM[[P

P IG S[GC@N@L E@^QL@NG*

G trgvs ch ims vhims chi rhnuhrcm ims ehnems pgsgcmsgcqu`hrhl ulg cuinh vgfuhcgc,shjhoglth g ig quh pmlh hl igs nmsgs

ig l`hkig ch ims kiglnms cgs ch `lv`hrlm

JG[@MK[@NHM@[GFM[[PJgcr`c, bhkrhrm, 7082.

* Qrimfm pgrg ig hc`n`l ch ulg gltmimfg quh, nml jmt`vm chi Nhlthlgr`mchi Lgn`j`hltm ch cml Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry, phlsgkg rhgi`zgr ig Oultg chFgi`n`g, hl Hspgg, y quh lulng iihf g `jpr`j`rsh. Bhnegcm hl Ngrgngs,lmv`hjkrh ch 7005.

J

(Brgfjhltm)

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hstuc`glths. R`s`tgjms ul phquhm pgshm chc`ngcm g ig jhjmr`gch Gimlsm Glcrhg ch Ihchsjg, g qu`hl cml Jgr`m supusm lg-t`vm ch Sruo`iim ch Hxtrhjgcurg7. Hsh phrsmlgoh ch ims gihcgms

sgijglt`lms, hxeujgcm chi miv`cm e`str`nm, jgrn hi pultm chngjk`m hl ig hsnr`turg ch Kr`nhm @rgfmrry.

^u e`spgl`sjm ch ouvhltuc buh nmltrgc`ntmr`m. Igs ihnturgs ch[mc y L`htzsneh chi`lhgrml msn`ign`mlhs hltrh ulg chbhlsg chig hsp`r`tugi`cgc igt`lg brhlth gi prgfjgt`sjm sgol y ulg hxgi-tgn`l chi `rrgn`mlgi`sjm t`nm chi phlsgcmr gihjl. Ig pr`jhrgfuhrrg hurmphg y igs ihnturgs ch [mjg`l [miiglc ih gkr`hrml imsmoms g ulg v`s`l ul`vhrsgi ch ims prmkihjgs eujglms. Hl gifulgpf`lg ch gcmihsnhln`g nmltrgpmlh su gjhr`ngl`sjm nmjkgt`vmy hjmn`mlgi g ig ehrhln`g nuiturgi hspgmig. G jhc`cg quh vg jg-curglcm `lthihntugijhlth su phlsgj`hltm sh egnh js prmbulcmy nmjkgt`vm. G ig hjmt`v`cgc sh ih hlbrhltg ulg vmngn`l ch `l-vhst`fgcmr quh im `lcun`r chl`t`vgjhlth pmr rujkms e`stmr`m-frnms js mkoht`vms smkrh ig nmlqu`stg e`spl`ng hl Gjr`ng.Nhrnglm g igs grfujhltgn`mlhs ch Oms Jgrg Mts Ngpchqu`, hi

rhv`s`ml`sjm lutr` mkrgs bulcgjhltgihs hsnr`tgs pmr lfhi Nhsgr[`vgs, Ngrgnn`mim Qgrrg Ihl y Kr`nhm @rgfmrry ;.

Nuglcm `lfrhsg hl ig Xl`vhrs`cgc ch ims Glchs, hl Jr`cg,Rhlhzuhig, pgrg hstuc`gr Chrhnem, Kr`nhm @rgfmrry prmbulc`zg iggj`stgc nml Jgr`glm Q`nl ^gigs (7017-7028) y mtrms `ln`p`hlths`lthihntugihs glc`lms. ^h `lthfrg g ig rhv`stg y gi frupm Flhs`s. Gl-ths egkg s`cm nmrrhcgntmr ch cms phquhgs rhv`stgs hstuc`glt`ihs

hl Sruo`iim, su n`ucgc lgtgi? Gr`hiyOugl Nr`stkgi.Hl hsms cgs hinmlmn`j`hltm ch L`htzsneh glcuvm ch ig jglm ch ul jghstrm, Ou-i`m Ehivhn`m ^lnehz. Gemrg, hl Jr`cg, ig gs`j`ign`l imsng

7 Nb. Hi nmlqu`stgcmr hspgmi. Ims bulcgcmrhs ch Sruo`iim, Mkrgs nmjpih-tgs.Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry. Ngrgngs, Nmlfrhsm ch ig [hpki`ng, 7005, v8,pp. 726->;;.

; Ch lfhi Nsgr [`vgs hs bgjmsm su c`snursm ch `lnmrpmrgn`l hl ig Gng-chj`g ch ig E`stmr`g? Mrfhlhs ch ig lchphlchln`g ch Rhlhzuhig (7010).Ch Ngrgnn`mim Qgrrg buhrml chn`s`vgs Ig @lstrunn`l hl Ngrgngs, 7826-76;8(70>;) y B`imsmbg ul`vhrs`tgr`g vhlhzmiglg? 7658-7577(70>>)4 ch Kr`nhm @rg-fmrry, Sgp`nhs ch e`stmr`g pgtr`gh @ltrmcunn`l y chbhlsg ch luhstrg e`stmr`g.

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im tmrlg `nmlmnigstg y gflst`nm. Xl kuhl cg hi gnhrngj`hltm g ulnmjpghrm ch hstuc`ms, su js hltrggkih gj`fm Ngrgnn`mim QgrrgIhl y igs ihnn`mlhs ch ul omvhl prmbhsmr, [mkhrtm Q`nl Igrhs, im

vgl rhfrhsglcm g igs nrhhln`gs rhi`f`msgs ch ul ngtmi`n`sjm nrt`nm,jhlms mrtmcmxm quh hi ch Qgrrg. Ihh g ims jst`nms, hstuc`g thmimfg,c`snuth prmkihjgs ch bh nml sus cms gj`fms nmlshohrms.

Hl 70;7, rhs`chln`gcm hl Ngrgngs, Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry puki`ngsu pr`jhr i`krm? Emrgs.Gi igcm ch prmsgs pmt`ngs yg hstl rhnmf`cmshl hi phquhm vmiujhl gifulms hlsgyms quh juhstrgl ig jgcurhz chul `lnglsgkih ihntmr? ims nis`nms hspgmihs (Brgy Iu`s, ^gltg Shrhsg,

Ougl ch ig Nruz, Nhrvglths, Wuhvhcm) sgkmrhgcms y nmjhltgcms nmlsu brgthrlgi Ngrgnn`mim Qgrrg Ihl, sh jhznigl nml buhlths ch gutmrhsbrglnhshs (Cgucht, _mig, Kguchig`rh, Bigukhrt), ims lrc`nms, @kshl yKorsml. Hltrh ims hlsgyms `l`n`gihs rhsgitg hi chc`ngcm gi Cr. HimyQgrhchs, ul chsnhlc`hlth chi nmlqu`stgcmr C`hfm Fgrng ch Qgrhchs(7812-782>), g su vhz e`om ch mtrm C`hfm Fgrng ch Qgrhchs (7323-78>1) g qu`hl Nhrvglths himf`g hl Hi Wu`omth. Kr`nhm @rgfmrry trgls-nr`kh hi brgfjhltm ihcm hl hi frgl nis`nm?

tgi c`nh hl Hi Wu`omth cml J`fuhi ch Nhrvglths y ^ggvhcrg giquhrhr rhbhr`rsh gi bgjmsm ngp`tl hspgmi, ngkgiihrm ch Bhrlgl-cm R, mn`gi ch ig fugrc`g chi pgpg Gihoglcrm R@, vhlnhcmr vgr`gsvhnhs ch ims Mrs`lm hl @tgi`g, nmjpghrm hl glcglzgs chi FrglNgp`tl cml Fmlzgim ch Nrcmvg, y pgcrh chi nmlqu`stgcmr chsu j`sjm lmjkrh? Cml C`hfm Fgrng ch Qgrhchs, vhl`cm g t`hrrgsgjhr`nglgs pmr ims gms ch 7881, fmkhrlgcmr quh buh ch Hi Smnu-

ym, y iuhfm bulcgcmr ch ig iigjgcg pmr ul miv`cgcm nrml`stg n`u-cgc pmrtt`i, Luhstrg ^hmrg ch ig Qgz ch Sruo`iim hl Rhlhzuhig>.

Hsg jglhrg ch e`ivglgr ihnturgs i`thrgr`gs m cmnujhltgihs nml susprmp`gs v`vhln`gs ch ig E`stmr`g lgt`vg vgl nmlfurglcm hi c`snursme`spgl`stg y lgn`mlgi`stg ch Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry. G pgrt`r ch gquhithxtm hsnr`tm hl 70;7, lm nhsgr ch `lcgfgr hl ims glnhstrms ch imsbulcgcmrhs ch Sruo`iim. Hltrh hiims, su gkuhim rhjmtm ^glnem Kr`nhm

> Himf`m chi Cr. Himy Qgrhchs, Mkrgs nmjpihtgs.Ngrgngs, Hc`ns. chi Nml-frhsm ch ig [hpki`ng, 7055-7005, vmi. 73 (7007), p. 2>. Hl gchiglth n`tg-rhjms? MN.shfu`cm chi vmiujhl, gm y pf`lg.

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(7812-7828) y Gimlsm Glcrhg ch Ihchsjg (78>6-7808), omvhl mn`giquh gnmjpg g Fgrng ch Qgrhchs hl ig nmlqu`stg ch ims `lc`msnu`ngs hl hi mnn`chlth vhlhzmiglm.

Ims pr`jhrms smlchms ch Kr`nhm @rgfmrry, rhigt`vms g sus rg-nhs glnhstrgihs, cgtgl ch 70;5. Qrmshfu`rl g im igrfm ch tmcg igv`cg. Qr`jhrm buh eurfgr hl igs nuiturgs `lcfhlgs ch ims Glchsvhlhzmiglms. Chspus vhlcr ig `lcgfgtmr`g smkrh ims mrfhlhs bul-cgn`mlgihs ch su n`ucgc lgt`vg. Ch ig n`ucgc y sus bulcgcmrhs vggjpi`glcm hi hstuc`m g mtrms nmlqu`stgcmrhs y n`ucgchs, Jgrgng`km,hltrh mtrgs. Qhrm hs ig phquhg pmkign`l, cmlch i v`m ig iuz, hinhltrm `rrgc`glth ch ig rhhx`l e`stmr`mfrng gk`hrtg hl hsp`rgiegn`g v`s`mlhs ngcg vhz js gkgrngcmrgs. ^u lgn`mlgi`sjm nmjmlnihm pgrg ig nmjprhls`l ul`vhrsgi chi emjkrh hl ul nmlthxtmch nmlthjpmrglh`cgc gujhltg ig v`fhln`g brhlth g ims frglchs rhtmsy chsgbms ch ulg fimkgi`zgn`l lm hxhltg ch gjk`fhcgchs?

`ls`stm ulg vhz js hl smsthlhr njm ig grjgn`l ch ims vg-imrhs lgn`mlgihs, ihoms ch `jphc`r ig `lthfrgn`l chi emjkrh hl

hi mrchl ul`vhrsgi, gyucg g egnhr js rhn`g ig s`iihrg chi hc`-n`m cmlch sh `lshrtgl pgrg ulg jgymr oust`n`g y pgrg ulg jhomrnmjprhls`l igs gsp`rgn`mlhs ch ims puhkims. Qgrg egnhr hbhnt`vmy v`fmrmsm im `lthrlgn`mlgi, prhn`sg ig hx`sthln`g nigrg, chl`cg ynmlsn`hlth ch ims frupms lgn`mlgihs3.

Hsg `chg ch ul lgn`mlgi`sjm ul`vhrsgi t`hlh n`j`hltm hl igtr`pih rgz e`spglmgjhr`nglg ch luhstrg nuiturg? im `lcfhlg, im

e`spl`nm, im gbr`nglm. P hi nmloultm grrglng ch ig phquhg n`ucgccmlch sh lgnh. Hi Sruo`iim vhlhzmiglm, hvmngcm y gmrgcm chsch hiSruo`iim ch Nnhrhs, fhlhrg ulg cmkih lmstgif`g ch e`spgl`cgchs,ulg mr`f`lgr`g, mtrg jmc`ngcg pmr hi hlnuhltrm ch nuiturgs.

Hl 7035, Kr`nhm @rgfmrry rhbhrg quh hi j`tm ch Gimlsm Gl-crhg ch Ihchsjg buh `lvmngcm pmr i hl cgs lukigcms pgrg igpgtr`g, nuglcm ig gjhlgzg ch ul gtgquh gihjl g luhstrgs nms-

tgs iihv thjkimrhs ch gfmlg gul g hspr`tus js ovhlhs. Hrg ig

3 Qmr ig n`ucgc egn`g hi julcm,MN., vmi. 7, 7055, p.>3>.

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^hfulcg Fuhrrg Julc`gi. Gquhiig furg ch gln`glm quh sgih gipgsm g ulg `lvgs`l nmrsgr`g pgrg `jphc`r hi gshc`m ch Ngrgngs,sh hr`fg nmjm ul sjkmim qu`omthsnm, chbhls`vm ch ig smkhrglg

vhlhzmiglg. G pgrt`r chi phquhm i`krm hi phlsgj`hltm ch Kr`nhm @rg-fmrry nmj`hlzg ul `lchthl`kih nrhn`j`hltm pmr rujkms ch ul lg-n`mlgi`sjm e`spglmgjhr`nglm nmjkgt`vm y nrt`nm, c`bhrhln`gcm hlbmrjg pihlg ch igs jmcgi`cgchs hurmphgs lgn`mlgi-smn`gi`stgs. Buh ul`chgr`m quh jgrn chrrmthrms luhvms pgrg Gjr`ng Igt`lg hl ig rhs`s-thln`g g ig hsngigcg jphr`gi`stg ch ims gms n`lnuhltg, hjkmsngcg trgsig e`crg ch lujhrmsgs c`ntgcurgs j`i`tgrhs c`shj`lgcgs pmr tmcm hinmlt`lhlth. ^u furg thrj`l nmlvhrt`cg, nmjm ig ch Ihchsjg, hl ul

sjkmim. Fgivgl`z g igs luhvgs fhlhrgn mlhs ch ovhlhs vhlhzmiglmshl ig iuneg nmltrg ig c`ntgcurg ch Qrhz O`jlhz. Nmjm hpimfm smkrh-v`lm hi hx`i`m chi e`stmr`gcmr h `lniusm ig gfrhs`l bs`ng g su phrsmlg,hl ulg ngiih ch Jgcr`c.

J` ihnturg ch 7006, hl Jgcr`c y ^gigjglng, buh c`r`f`cg g ul ph-quhm pki`nm gngcj`nm. Hst`jm quh pgrg ul ihntmr hspgmi puc`hrggl nmlshrvgr gifl `lthrs y nml hsth prmps`tm im rhprmcuznm gemrg

pgrg nmjpihtgr hstgs pgigkrgs ltrmcuntmr`gs quh frgn`gs g ig ihgitgc chul gj`fm ch Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry, cml Jgluhi Brgfg @r`kgrlh, smlhc`tgcgs gemrg pmr ig Uultg ch Fgi`n`g.

Wu`l hs Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry=Hl jgrzm ch 708> iihfg g Jgcr`c ul emjkrh ch hstgturg jhc`glg,nhogs suphrpmkigcgs yg hlnglhn`cgs. S`hlh n`lnuhltg y sh`s gms.

^h gimog hl ul phquhm gpgrtgjhltm ch Ngsthii 23. Hs vhlhzmiglm.R`hlh hx`i`gcm ch ulg c`ntgcurg quh im shgig hlhj`fm pki`nm L7. Curglth hi rf`jhl surf`cm pmr hi chrrmngj`hltm chi prhs`chlthnmlst`tun`mlgi [juim Fgiihfms, hi chsthrrgcm nmjkgtg nml pgigkrgvhehjhlth ig prmfrhs`vg hltrhfg jgthr`gi y hsp`r`tugi ch su pgsg ims Hstgcms Xl`cms. Hspho`sjm ch ulg r`quhzg gcvhlt`n`g, hiphtrihm nhf igs nmln`hln`gs nrt`ngs sgivm hxnhpn`mlhs nmjm i.

^urf` ul hlfhlcrm eujglm, hi p`t`yglqu`. Im egkg chsnr`tmIu`s Grgqu`stg`l hl su rhv`stg Hspgg. Buh pgrgbrgshgcm pmr

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Glcrs Himy Kiglnm, ihntmr ch Grgqu`stg`l. Kr`nhm @rgfmrry imrhchl` nml gpmym hl n`hrtm pmhtg puhrtmrr`quhm8.

Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry jgltuvm pmr junem t`hjpm ulg nm-

iujlg shjglgi hl ul c`gr`m ngrgquhm Hi Lgn`mlgi.Lm gtgngkgc`rhntgjhlth gi rf`jhl c`ntgtmr`gi. Eurfgkg hl ig e`stmr`g, `ln-jmcg g ims cspmtgs. Ig hsfr`jg nmjm ul grjg y ulg glfust`g m,hl trj`lms ch D`hrdhfggrc, nmjm ul phrjglhlth mltmif`nm2.Ig gsujg nmjm pgs`l y nmjm grqu`thnturg jmrgi ch ims puhkims?

Nuglcm sh s`hlth ig E`stmr`g nml pgs`l ch v`cg, nmjprhlchjmsnjm hl j`rglcm egn`g ims glgihs chi pgsgcm rhlmvgjms smihrgs

vgihlts`jgs quh gyucgl g cgr tmlm g ims ngicms brhsnms. Lgcgch kki`ng juohr nmlvhrt`cg hl hstgtug ch sgi4 lgcg ch thigrggquh hltmrphnh ig j`rgcg egn`g hi pmrvhl`r. ^`l E`stmr`g lm egypuhkim. ^`l E`stmr`g igs nmihnt`v`cgchs ngrhnhl ch nmjul`cgcquh ihs c shlt`cm pmr cmlch puhcgl suphrgr im c`svgi`msm ch igiuneg `lst`lt`vg. Egkr bgntmrg, egkr hjprhsg, egkr hc`n`ms yegn`hlcgs y ngj`lms y puhlths, phrm lm egkr lgn`l, l` n`ucgc,l` puhkim, l` emjkrhs, l` hspr`tus6.

Nuglcm ulm ihh tgi rhhx`l s`hlth hi `jpuism ch prhfultgrshr hsg ig rgzl pmr ig nugi ul lmrthgjhr`nglm, hsnmlc`cm trgs hik`mjkm ogpmls ch su gphii`cm Buduygjg, chnrhtg ig juhrth ch igE`stmr`g= Shlhr nigrg nmln`hln`g e`str`ng hs ul gltcmtm nmltrg igfimkgi`zgn`l jgi hlthlc`cg m hohnutgcg nmjm gtmj`zgn`l ch igshsphn`n`cgchs lgn`mlgihs ch nugiqu`hr nuiturg. Lm egy quh thjhr-ig, phrm egy quh v`f`igrig y l`lfulg gtgigyg jhomr quh ulg buhrth

nmln`hln`g e`str`ng.

8 Ig pgigkrg p`t`yglqu` lm ig eh `lvhltgcm ym. Ig pgigkrg hs puhrtmrr`-quhg. Ig gnu hi gitm pmhtg Iu`s Iimrhls Smrrhs. ^u mr`fhl shjlt`nmqu`z thlfg gifm quh egnhr nml ig mr`cg `jgf`lgn`l chi pmhtg. Ig vmzp`t` nmjm githrgn`l chi brglnspht`t, hltrg hl ig pgigkrg p`t`j`l, rhnmf`cgpmr ig Gngchj`g, y nml ig nugi sh chs`flg hi rmsgi ch rgjgs trhpgcmrgs quhhneg rmsgs jhlucgs y r`zgcgs. Iimrhls Smrrhs, js quh hl igs rmsgs, chk`

phlsgr hl ig gnt`tuc trhpgcmrg ch ims nmjpgtr`mtgs quh sh r`lc`hrml gi luh-vm nmiml`gi`sjm, Ix`nm pgrg glt`lgn`mlgi`stgs, Gv`sm g ims lgvhfglths(708>), MN., vmi. 5, 7001, p 758.

2 Qmr ig n`ucgc egn`g hi julcm, MN., vmi.7, 7055, p.>3;.

6 @kc., p.>35.

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Hl ig nmlnhpn`l ch ig e`stmr`g hi hlsgy`stg gglzgkg su pr-c`ng chbhls`vg ch ims vgimrhs ch ig lgn`mlgi`cgc. Chshljgsngrgkgul lgn`mlgi`sjm ch pgltmj`jg quh egng chsigr g ims hjpihgcms

pki`nms oultm g ims hstuc`glths ch hsnuhigs pr`jgr`gs, gi nmj-ps ch kglcgs jgrn`gihs y nml kglchr`tgs lgn`mlgihs hjpugcgshl ulg ^hjglg ch ig Qgtr`g, ouhfm ch hsngrl`m, `chmimfhjg chLuhvm `chgi lgn`mlgi nml quh sh oust`n hi chnhl`m c`ntgtmr`gich Jgrnms Qrhz O`jlhz.

G Kr`nhm @rgfmrry ih phrcmlgrml ig nrt`ng cmntr`lgr`g, hlpgrth pmrquh ims shmrhs chi pmchr lm hlthlcgl junem im quhi j`sjm iigj ul Jhlsgoh s`l chst`lm. Egstg quh ms pgrt`n`pgr

hl ulgs hihnn`mlhs nmlvmngcgs pmr ig c`ntgcurg pgrg rhul`r ulgGsgjkihg Nmlst`tuyhlth. Mktuvm ulg ru`cmsg v`ntmr`g quh im tmr-l furg n`jhrg ch mpms`n`l gi rf`jhl phrhzo`jhl`stg. ^h ihqu`sm gthjmr`zgr pgrg lhutrgi`zgrim. Lm nhc`. Buh mki`fgcm g sgi`rchi pgs, g r`hsfm ch hlngrnhigj`hltm. Chltrm hrg ul gcvhrsgr`mthj`kih. Buhrg, ul chsnrc`tm pgrg hi rf`jhl.

Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry iihfgkg g Hspgg, t`hrrg ch sus jg-

ymrhs, nuyg nuiturg egkg hstuc`gcm chsch juy thjprglg hcgc,nmjm ihfgcm nuiturgi y hsp`r`tugi? ulg ihlfug, ulg rhi`f`l, ulgQgtr`g Frglch `lthfrgcg g Gjr`ng pmr sglfrhs y mrfuiims, pmrmc`ms m gbhntms nmjm hl tmcg bgj`i`g y tgjk`l pmr hohjpim che`cgifug5. Ig nmlqu`stg y hi pmkigj`hltm, gchjs ch cmj`lgn`lpmit`ng, ims `lthrprht nmjm ulg trglsbhrhln`g ch `lst`tun`mlhs y

5 ^u nmlnhptm ch Qgtr`g im hxpusm hl 708>? Gifulms ig j`rgl, hl ngjk`m,nmjm jhrm ngjpm pgrg hi chsgrrmiim ch igs `lcustr`gs t`ihs. Ig rhcunhlg s`jpihs vgimrhs fhmfrnms. Qhrm hsm lm hs ig Qgtr`g. Ig Qgtr`g, js quh

hi suhim, hs hi prmnhsm glt`fum ch igs fhlhrgn`mlhs quh, hl hi mrchl jgth-r`gi, hc`ngrml puhkims y ngj`lms y nrhgrml ig r`quhzg, y quh hl hi mrchljmrgi, ogrml igs ilhgs c`bhrhln`gihs quh cgl ul`cgc g ig bgj`i`g lgn`mlgi.

Oultm nml ims rhn`ms jurms y igs gjpi`gs vgs, hiims chogrml sus phlsg-j`hltms y sus gbhntms nmjm pgtr`jml`m ch jgymr ngi`cgc, Ig t`hrrg ch imspgcrhs.Gv`sm g ims lgvhfglths. MN., vmi. 5, 7001, p. 788.

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>5[LN

ch sustgln`gs pmpuigrhs0. Ig prmsphr`cgc `jphr`gi `lnrhjhltgcgpmr igs nuglt`msgs r`quhzgs j`lhrgihs hxtrgcgs ch igs nmiml`gse`spglmgjhr`nglgs buh glgi`zgcg hl su `jprhv`s`l y chsp`ibgrrm

nmjm ulg ihnn`l ch gcvhrthln`g e`str`ng. Ims bgltgsjgs ch ige`stmr`g nmiml`gi sh ihvgltgl nmjm hl ul j`tm pgrg emjmimfgrshnml hi frgl chrrmneh quh e`zm ch Rhlhzuhig ul pgs sguc`tg, prh-sultumsm ch su mpuihln`g phtrmihrg y iuhfm ul chsgstrmsm jmchimch lgn`l grru`lgcg pmr `rrhspmlsgk`i`cgc ch qu`hlhs c`r`f`hrmlim quh i iigj chjmnrgn`g ch gsgitm71.

0 Qmpuigr buh ig mkrg ch ig pmkign`l y nmiml`zgn`l ch igs @lc`gs. C`r`f`ig Nmrmlg ig pmit`ng shfu`chrg y gs ig `l`n`gt`vg pr`vgcg buh hst`juigcg pmrhi shuhim ch ims ngrfms phrphtums, ch ig nmjpms`n`l ch t`hrrgs, ch ig hl-nmj`hlcg ch `lcfhlgs, ch igs fmkhrlgn`mlhs ch igs luhvgs prmv`ln`gs. Lmbuh hi lmkih hlfrhcm g gigrchgr su smkhrk`g smkrh `lc`ms y hsnigvms subr`cmsm smkrh hi phl`lsuigr ch hstgcm iiglm. G ig i`jp`hzg ch sglfrh rgstrhgcg hlgsmjkrmsgs sgnr`stgs jhc`mhvgihs, sh pgrh hi chslucm jr`tm ch ig hjprh-sg, cmlch hi ljhrm ch glt`fums igkrgcmrhs, smicgcms y grthsglms nmpgkg ig`luhln`g ch ims `lbgtugcms ngp`tglhs. Hi puhkim glt`fum sh egng omvhl pgrgnmjhlzgr ulg luhvg e`stmr`g. Hl Gjr`ng `kgl g thlhr su chsqu`th igs nigshsquh smpmrtgrml gn hi phsm ch igs lbuigs ch ims prhsultumsms shmrhs, Qmrig n`ucgc egn`g hi julcm, MN., vmi. 7, 7055, pp. >81->87.

71 Im quh igs jmltggs ch mrm y pigtg smkrh hiig chrrgjgcgs buhrml pgrgig Hspgg chi s`fim UR@, eg s`cm pgrg lmsmtrms hi phtrihm chi s`fim UU. ^`

bu`jms prsphrms y tuv`jms gkulcgln`g j`hltrgs rgjms ul pgs pmkrh, giprmcun`rsh ig pitmrg ch r`quhzg quh trgohrml igs hxpimtgn`mlhs gnh`thrgs, egmnurr`cm ulg hxeguthz `lthr`mr shjhoglth g ig quh subr` ig phllsuig jgtr`zgi vhr rhpihtgs sus ngogs y gkgrrmtgcgs sus gcuglgs. Hl hi mrchl ch ig pmit`-ng hnmlj`ng ehjms pgsgcm g ig ngthfmrg ch jhrms `lthrjhc`gr`ms ch imsj`sjms hxpimtgcmrhs ch luhstrms prmp`ms rhnursms. Hi c`lhrm quh rhn`k`jmshl ulg jglm, im hltrhfgjms nml ig mtrg g ims j`sjms kglquhrms hxtrgms.Im quh lms cg hl mrm hi phtrihm, im chvmivhjms pgrg pgfgr ims grtnuimsquh j`rgl g luhstrg c`gr`g suks`sthln`g y ims quh sgt`sbgnhl luhstrg gimngcg

jglg ch suphrn`gi`cgchs. () lms egnhjms ig `ius`l ch shr r`nms nuglcmrhn`k`jms hi oufmsm nehquh hxphc`cm g luhstrm bgvmr, phrm hlshfu`cg, nmjm`lngutms l`ms quh oufgshl g j`iimlgr`ms im hlcmsgjms pgrg prmvhnem ch imsjhrngcms quh lms hxpimtgl, nmjm s` ihoms ch shr pgs `lchphlc`hlth, bush-jms bgntmrg ch iunrm bmrgsthrm, ims bgltgsjgs ch ig E`stmr`g (7035), MN.,vmi. 76, 700>, p. 711.

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Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry lgn` hi 78 ch shpt`hjkrh ch 7506, hlulg phquhg n`ucgc chi mnn`chlth jmltgmsm ch Rhlhzuhig, igqu`ltg bulcgcg pmr nmlqu`stgcmrhs hspgmihs. Buh rhuk`ngcg vg-

r`gs vhnhs kgom ims lmjkrhs ch Sruo`iim ch ^gigjglng, Sruo`iim chHxtrhjgcurg, Sruo`iim chi Nmiigcm, Sruo`iim ch Jhchiil, J`rgvhi.Ch tgltgs jucglzgs nmjm tuvm sh ig kgut`z n`ucgc pmrtt`i.Ch ge tmj Gcr`glm Fmlzihz Ihl ttuim pgrg chl`r g tmcg

Rhlhzuhig? Qgs pmrtt`i.Hi gm ch bulcgn`l chl`t`vg buh 7886,c`hz gms glths ch quh hx`st`hrg Ngrgngs. Chsch ig `lbgln`g, subgj`i`g pgthrlg, ch hcungcmrhs y nrml`stgs, ih buh `lnuinglcm ulgjmr hsphn`gi pmr ig e`stmr`g. Hl pr`jhr trj`lm buh ig nur`ms`cgcpmr gquhiig bulcgn`l ch vgr`ms gs`hltms. Iuhfm ig j`rgcg egn`g hijulcm, ig e`stmr`g ul`vhrsgi. Hsh j`rgr gi pgsgcm thlg ul shlt`cmt`nm. Lm buh prhsuln`l ch lmkihzgs77.

Hl hi hx`i`m jgcr`ihm, nugtrm gms chspus ch su iihfgcg, v`-v` ig lmstgif`g ch igs nhihkrgn`mlhs quh nmljhjmrgkgl ims nug-trmn`hltms gms ch v`cg chi pmkigcm vhlhzmiglm. ^h buh hltmlnhs gihlnuhltrm ch ig Sruo`iim ch Hxtrhjgcurg pgrg hstgkihnhr glgimfgs y

hxeujgr rhnuhrcms. Ig pgtr`g, buhfm smi`cgr`m y nmjpgrt`cm, hs gemrgig gmrglzg chi suhim rhjmtm, nmjm hl ig glt`fug Frhn`g. Hs cmimrpmr hi rhfrhsm `jpms`kih. [hihh g ^lhng, hi chsthrrgcm hl Nrnhfg,y p`hlsg nml i? ^ubr`j`hltm `ltmihrgkih hs v`v`r buhrg ch ig Qgtr`g!,hltmlnhs hsnr`kh g ig l`htg Jgrg H`rhlh? Hi pgtr`mt`sjm hs tgjk`lhsh vgfm shlt`j`hltm quh sh bmrjg y nrhnh hl ig phlujkrg gjgkih chigs ngsgs ch ims gkuhims y quh kusng juit`pi`ngrsh y bulc`rsh hl ulg

nmjul`l sgfrgcg ch gbhntms7;

. ^`hlth kuii`r ims glnhstrms rhbhr`cms

77 Hl J` `lbgln`g y j` puhkim, hsnr`kh? nuglcm n`tm g j`s gkuhims lm nrhgtgjpmnm usthc quh hstmy egn`hlcm lhn`m gigrch ch e`cgifug. J`s gkuhimshrgl fhlth iiglg, nmjm ims gkmihlfms ch ig jgymrg ch ims vhlhzmiglms, lmbuhrml frglchs ngngms y gifulms iihfgrml g shr v`stms ch jhlms, pmrquhiihvgkgl sglfrh hsnigvg hl igs vhlgs, mtrms, hl ngjk`m, iun`hrml phrfgj`-

lms y kigsmlhs. J` gkuhig jgthrlg, ig l`ng quh nmlmn, mrchl quh kigsm-lhs y cmrgcgs ihtrgs buhrgl hnegcms gi buhfm gkrgsgcmr. Kuhlg rhpuki`nglg,lm hlthlcg mtrg lmkihzg quh ig v`rtuc, y tuvm hi prhj`m ch egkhr nmltgcmpmr e`ogs g jgtrmlgs ch vhrcgc. Xlg ch hiigs buh j` jgcrh,MN., vmi. 7.7055, p. 38.

7; Hl tmlm ch nuhltm (7082), MN, vmi. 7, 7055, p. 7>7.

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g ul ^glnem Kr`nhm, ngsthiiglm ch Grvgim, ch ims pr`jhrms hlnruzgr hi jgr Mnglm. P hltmlnhs hsnr`kh?

Nmjm ig jg, hstg Sruo`iim jgthrlg hs ch nursm rhptglth y chjk`tm hsngsm. S`hlh glgihs fimr`msms quh ig v`lnuigl g ig iu-neg bhrmz chi nr`st`glm nml hi jmrm t`hlh rgnhs js igrfgs glquh hlrhcgl su e`stmr`g nml ig nmlqu`stg rmjglg. Qhquhg ign`ucgc, g su hsngsg c`jhls`l fhmfrng pgrhn`hrg rhbhr`rsh igbmrjg `kr`ng Surf`hig m Surfgig ch cmlch grrglng su lmjkrhgntugi, chsv`lnuigcm gs ch ig nulg shjlt`ng, quh hl igtl chQi`l`m im egnh chr`vgr ch ig Surr`s-Oui`g m Ngstrg-Oui`g, cmlch fg-

lgkgl chsnglsm igs ihf`mlhs hl su jgrneg ch Hjr`tg Gufustgg Nsgr Gufustg, ch Jr`cg g _grgfmzg, hl ihlfug ch ims luhvmsnr`st`glms7>.

Hstg msn`ign`l ch lmstgif`gs vhlhzmiglgs chsch Hspgg, mch `chlt`cgchs y glnhstrms e`spl`nms chsch Rhlhzuhig, hs ilhgnmlstglth ch ig rhhx`l hl Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry. Hl su ouvhl-tuc glc`lg j`rg egn`g ig phllsuig hl kusng ch gkmihlfms. Hl su

jgcurhz ch prmsnr`tm, chsch ig phllsuig, tmrlg ig ngkhzg g igrhjmtg fhmfrgbg ch ims glchs. Ig s`hrrg ch Fugcgiuph, vhn`lg giSruo`iim hspgmi, ih suf`hrh g`rhs y pg`sgohs ch ig s`hrrg truo`iiglg ch

Rhlhzuhig? hi vgiih ch ims Jungs, igs jmltggs ch Jmnmy.G pmnms jhshs ch rhs`c`r hl Jgcr`c, ulg cmihln`g nmrmlgr`g im

mki`f g v`gogr g @tgi`g. [hnuphrgcm, rhfrhs hl 7083, gnmjpggcmch su hspmsg y su e`og Khgtr`z. ^h gimogrml hl ul gpgrtgjhltm ch

ig ngiih Rhizquhz, hsqu`lg nml Mrthfg y Fgssht (glt`fug ngiih I`s-tg). Ngti`nm bhrvmrmsm, tmcms ims cmj`lfms gnmstujkrgkg gs`st`rg ig j`sg hl ig `fihs`g ch ig Nmlnhpn`l Ohrl`jg. Chsgpgrhn`cgemy, hl hsh iufgr prhn`sg ig e`og, Khgtr`z Kr`nhm Q`nl sh hr`fhhi hc`n`m Khgtr`z, hl jhjmr`g ch Khgtr`z ig Igt`lg73, ulg ch igs

7>

Qmr ig n`ucgc egn`g hi julcm, MN., vmi. 7, 7055, p. >32.73 Khgtr`z Fgi`lcm (ig Igt`lg) (7368-78>3). Lgt`vg ch ^gigjglng, prhnhp-

tmrg y nmlshohrg ch @sgkhi ig Ngti`ng, igt`l`stg y supuhstg nmjhltgr`stgch Gr`stthihs. Curglth hi v`goh g ^gigjglng pgrg ihhr hstg nmlbhrhln`g, igprmbhsmrg I`lg [mcrfuhz Ngnem tuvm ig fhlt`ihzg ch jmstrgrjh ig bgnegcgch ig ngsg cmlch lgn` hstg gcj`rgkih eujgl`stg.

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pr`jhrgs juohrhs eujgl`stgs, nuyms rhstms hstgkgl shpuitgcmshl hi v`hom thjpim y g qu`hl Kr`nhm @rgfmrry iigj jgcr`lg ch

Gjr`ng78.

78 Hl ul ehrjmsm hlsgym bhnegcm hl Jgcr`c, 708>, Kr`nhm @rgfmrry egnhjhjmr`g ch ig frgl hstuc`msg y chi thjpim ohrl`jm gs? Hl ig vhn`lcgcch j` rhs`chln`g jgcr`ihg hst hi jmlgsthr`m ch jmlogs ch ig Nmlnhpn`l

Ohrl`jg. Hl su l`ng ujkrmsg lgvh eh jhc`tgcm junegs vhnhs glth hisgrnbgfm ch ig Igt`lg. Qgrg shpuiturg suyg y ch su hspmsm, cml Brgln`snm[gjrhz, mrchl ig hfrhf`g cmg Khgtr`z Fgi`lcm, ig hrhnn`l ch hsth thj-pim y ngsg ch rhi`f`msgs. () N`hrrg su thxtm nml hstg hxprhs`l ch i`r`sjm?

Brhlth g su shvhrm shpuinrm, hl hi thjpim s`ihln`msm cmlch nml brhnuhln`grhzm, eh phlsgcm hl ig hfrhf`g juohr nmjm hl fhlhrmsg jgcr`lg ch j`Gjr`ng jgthrlg. Jghstrg y ngjgrhrg ch ig frgl rh`lg, tgjk`l puc`hrgiigjrshig gyg ch suhms y prmbht`sg ch puhkims, Cmg Khgtr`z Fgi`lcm,jgcr`lg ch Gjr`ng, MN., vmi. 0, 7001, pp. 0>-02.

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Jgcr`c, gfmstm ;2 ch 7082^hmr CmntmrJgr`glm Q`nl gigsNgrgngs.

J@ WXH[@CM JG[@GLM? Junem eh gfrgchn`cm tu ngr`msg ngrtgchi ; chi prhshlth y kgstglth jh nmjpignh hi `lthrs nml quh egsihcm j` hlsgym Ig emrg ulcn`jg.Su ou`n`m s`hjprh eg s`cm pgrg j

mkohtm ch prmbulcm rhsphtm y hl rgzl g hiim lgcg hst`jm tgltm nmjmtus mp`l`mlhs bgvmrgkihs g j`s jmchstgs hsnr`turgs.

Hl hi prhshlth ngsm c`nhs quh hl j` Emrg ulcn`jg chgi`zm chjg-s`gcm hi pgsgcm y quh smy ul pmnm curm nml ig fhlhrgn`l pms`t`v`stg.^my curm. Jgs, qu`hrm quh t rhv`shs j` i`krm y vhgs quh hsg curhzgig hlchrhzm nmltrg hi sgicm nv`nm ch ims pms`t`v`stgs. Nrhm quh tlm shrgs ngpgz ch chbhlchr ig ths`s nmltrgr`g. Sgjpmnm chhlcm ul

cmrgcm eujgl`sjm trgc`n`mlgi`stg. N`rnulsnr`km j` ths`s g ig `chgch quh ihoms ch gkmi`r hi Igtl y ig B`imsmbg, eg chk`cm jhomrgrsh his`sthjg ch hlshgrims. [hnmlmznm ig chngchln`g ch luhstrg v`hog hl-shglzg, jgs lm nrhm quh hsg chngchln`g oust`ngsh quh sh ih c`hrgig hspgicg.

Jgr`m Kr`nhm @rgfmrry

M^@S@R@^JM P S[GC@N@LQ

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Nmjprhlcm quh hs curg ig rhv`s`l quh prhthlcm, phrm hs oustm ylhnhsgr`m egnhrig. Ig n`hln`g pms`t`v`stg buh ulg vhrcgchrg ljhrs`lhl gfug rhf`g. Smcm buh tmjgcm pmr ig c`smiun`l.

Nmltrg nugiqu`hr mtrm ou`n`m, ym egfm jm hi phlsgj`hltm ch Kur-ndegrct, pgrg qu`hl ig e`stmr`g hs hi ouhfm pmthln`gi chi Hstgcm, igrhi`f`l y ig nuiturg. Hi hlignh ch hstgs buhrzgs egnh hi l ch ims puh-kims. Hl nugltm gi Hstgcm, ims pms`t`v`stgs nr`miims chshjkmngrml hlig frmshrg thmrg ch ig lbhr`mr`cgc ch luhstrm jhc`m tl`nm-fhmfr-nm y hl hi chsnrc`tm chi jhst`zgoh quh bmrjg hi nmrgzl chi puhkim.Nmjm thmrg hstgtgi, smkrh ims emjkrhs chi pms`t`v`sjm chsnglsg igrhspmlsgk`i`cgc chi fhlcgrjh lhnhsgr`m y ch hsg ths`s phs`j`stg

y nmrrms`vg ch qu`hlhs smst`hlhl quh luhstrm puhkim lm puhch cgrlgcg hl rgzl ch ims bgisms rhgtms quh `lvhltgrml ims chthrj`l`stgs.Lm l`hfm quh ig fhlhrgn`l chi pms`t`v`sjm pucm nrhgr mkrg ch kr`iimgpgrhlth. Sgjpmnm l`hfm quh gi jgrfhl ch tmcg nmgnn`l hstgtgiig lgn`l prmcunh gntugijhlth nuiturg, nmjm t c`nhs. Pm, s`l hj-kgrfm, `ls`stm hl j`rgr ig v`cg chi puhkim g trgvs ch igs v`n`s`tuchschi Hstgcm. Hl sth, nmjm hl ig rhi`f`l, j`rm igs js hlnujkrgcgs

hxprhs`mlhs ch ulg nuiturg. Lm smy ehfhi`glm. Lm nrhm hl hi j`tm chiHstgcm. Nmls`chrm, hl ngjk`m, quh hi Hstgcm hs hi lc`nh js ngkgi, s`lm gksmiutm, ch ig ngpgn`cgc nuiturgi ch ulg lgn`l. Hl n`hrtgs pm-ngs ch ig e`stmr`g, hi Hstgcm sh j`r nmjm l. Hl luhstrg nmlnhpn`leujglst`ng ch ig v`cg, hi Hstgcm hs `lstrujhltm hlngj`lgcm g igrhgi`zgn`l chi emjkrh. Ig nuiturg t`hlh quh vhrsh hl rhign`l nml igjglhrg ch buln`mlgr hi Hstgcm. Lm nrhm quh g Rhlhzuhig sh ih puhcg

ouzfgr su frgcm ch nuiturg hl rgzl ch quh hl luhstrgs ul`vhrs`cg-

chs sh hxpi`quhl y c`snutgl ims smsjgs ch _hll ch Hihg m ig tgkigch vgimrhs ch Julsthrkhrf, lm ouzfm quh shg lc`nh ch nuiturg ch ulpuhkim im quh hl ulg nthcrg sh c`fg smkrh ig rhvmiun`l iuj`lst`ngch Ngrgvgff`m m smkrh hi gkstrgnn`ml`sjm chi jmjhltm p`ntr`nmprhshlth. Lm nrhm quh ig nuiturg ch Rhlhzuhig egyg jhomrgcm pmrquhemy shpgjms njm hrg hi s`sthjg ch lujhrgn`l ch ims p`grmgs m chims t`jmtmnu`ngs nml jgymr prhn`s`l quh cml Grst`chs [mogs. Luhs-trg nuiturg ch puhkim eg ch ouzfgrsh pmr ig c`jhls`l chi emjkrhnmjm suohtm ch ig e`stmr`g. J`hltrgs ig ul`vhrs`cgc lm puhcg gyucgrgi n`ucgcglm hl ig ksquhcg y imfrm ch su pms`n`l hl ig v`cg, lm egychrhnem g egkigr hl shr`m ch nuiturg, gs hl hiig sh hxpi`quh ig bs`ngnugltst`ng ch Qiglnd y igs luhvgs thmrgs smkrh ig `lchthrj`lgn`l

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ngusgi. Qgrg hi ngsm hs prhn`sm gcj`t`r quh hsg nuiturg subrh, nmjmtmcm hi puhkim, ulg vhrcgchrg nr`s`s. S hlnmltrgsth juy k`hl ig ths`sfhlhrgi ch j` Jhlsgoh s`l chst`lm4 puhs hl Ig emrg ulcn`jgym `lthl-

tm hi chsgrrmiim ch ulm ch ims tgltms thjgs quh bmrjgl ig trgjg chgquhi trgkgom.Hl 7551 lmsmtrms lhnhs`tkgjms ihvgltgr luhstrms l`vhihs jm-

rgihs. Eukm ulg kr`iiglth fhlhrgn`l quh sh lutr` hl igs hlshgl-zgs ltrmcun`cgs tgrcgjhlth hl luhstrg ul`vhrs`cgc. Hsg fhlhrgn`lkr`ii, egki, iihl ul hxthlsm hspgn`m ch luhstrg v`cg nuiturgi. Qhrm,nuglcm hl hi ngjpm nv`nm sh kusng su kgiglnh, lms hlnmltrgjmsnml ul vgnm chpimrgkih. Egkigkg Iun`glm ch ^gjmsgtg ch ims smkhr-

k`ms thjpims hf`pn`ms quh ngusgkgl gcj`rgn`l g ims v`gohrms. Igsnmiujlgs, ims pmrtgihs, igs vhltglgs gluln`gkgl ul `lthr`mr hspil-c`cm4 rgim hl rhgi`cgc, jgs hi iufgr chi sglntg sgntmrujim mnupgkgul jmlm m ul fgtm. Hsth sjkmim puhch shrv`r pgrg hi ou`n`m tgltmch luhstrm k`hl prhshlth, nmjm ch ig emrg ch ims `nmlmnigstgs, quhgyucgrml g kmrrgr hi shlt`cm hsp`r`tugi ch luhstrg v`cg.

^ quh eh tmngcm ul thjg tgk. Eh fmiphgcm hi ig`n`sjm y eh eg-

kigcm ch ig lhnhs`cgc ch ulg jmrgi quh s`rvg ch mr`hltgj`hltm g ignmln`hln`g pki`ng. Eh hsnr`tm nmjm vnt`jg c`rhntg chi pms`t`v`sjmnml quh sh lutr` j` phlsgj`hltm ouvhl`i. ^mkrh j` igrfg v`cg j`rmigs n`ngtr`nhs chogcgs pmr igs v`ruhigs quh jh p`ngrml hl nmihf`ms yul`vhrs`cgchs. S, nml tu hxtrgmrc`lgr`m tgihltm y pmr egkhr nmj-pihtgcm buhrg ch Rhlhzuhig tu hcungn`l, imfrgsth nmjphlsgr ig ch-n`hln`g ch tus hstuc`ms vhlhzmiglms. G j jh eg nmstgcm ul hsbuhrzmsmkhrglm egkhr iihfgcm g suphrgr gifulgs ch igs junegs bgitgs ch j`s

`rrhfuigrhs hstuc`ms. Jh eg nmstgcm gl js gnhrngrjh g ulg v`s`lprhn`sg y rhspmlsgkih ch j` chkhr ch emjkrh. Nuglcm eh hsnr`tm nmlcurhzg smkrh luhstrgs fhlhrgn`mlhs prhnhchlths, eh nmjhlzgcm pmrchslucgr j` gquhzg. Sgi vhz shg sh hi l`nm jr`tm ch j` Ngkgiimch Ihchsjg. Ch hsth hxgjhl fhlhrgi ch luhstrgs chn`hln`gs puhchiihfgrsh g ngigr im quh phrchrgjms s` phrjglhnhjms ch hspgicg g igrhgi`cgc.

C`nhs quh `chgi`zm junem hi pgsgcm, phrm lm jh shgigs hi s`t`mchi phngcm. Pm lm eh nuit`vgcm, nmjm im c`nhl j`s hlhj`fms, ulglmstgif`g `lvi`cg pmr igs nmsgs quh chsgpgrhn`hrml. Pm eh chbhlc`-cm hi shlt`cm c`lj`nm ch ig trgc`n`l y ch ig e`stmr`g. Nmltrghi usm nmrr`hlthjhlth ehnem ch ims vgimrhs e`str`nms, eh kusngcm

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vgimr`zgr im rhgijhlth nrhgcmr quh jhlmsprhn`grml ims pms`t`v`stgs.Eh gigkgcm g Rgrfgs, g Smrm, g cml Ougl ch C`ms Q`nl, g cml Nhn`i`m

Gnmstg, g cml Jgluhi Jgrg Ngrrgsquhrm smkrh Ngruom, _gjmrg y

hi Gfgnegcm. Nrhm quh hs ul chkhr hcungt`vm cgr jgymr jr`tm g igtrgc`n`l ch ims emjkrhs subr`cms quh g ig trgc`n`l ch ims fmzmsms.G t` th eh v`stm gigkgr g cml Sui`m Bhkrhs Nmrchrm smkrh ig rhgi`cgcjhr`chg quh rhprhshltgrml Hsthkgl Negikguc Ngrcmlg y GjgcmrXznthfu`. Qmr ge eh v`stm jhlcgnhs gtgquhs g j`s `chgs. ^h c`nhquh ym gmrm ig v`hog puiphrg y quh rhnegzm ig tnl`ng quh hjpihgligs jmchrlgs gkgnhrgs. Hlt`hlcm quh nugiqu`hr ihntmr nml ou`n`m quhegyg thl`cm glth sus moms j` rhspmlsm g ig v`hog puiphrg, lm pucm

rhn`k`r ig `jprhs`l ch quh ym gmrgsh ims v`homs usms y igs v`glcgsglt`fugs, s`lm ig gutgrqug hnmlj`ng rhprhshltgcg hl gquhiims lh-fmn`ms pr`j`t`vms. Junems, hl ngjk`m, prhhrhl egrtgrsh ch nmj`cg`jpmrtgcg y pgfgcg nml hi prhn`m ch luhstrg hsnigv`tuc hnmlj`ng.

Pm eh j`rgcm y nmlt`lugr j`rglcm luhstrg trgc`n`l nmjm buhrzgquh igt`fuhh ig nmln`hln`g hltrhfu`stg ch luhstrms nmlthjpmrlhms.

Pm eh `lc`ngcm ig lhnhs`cgc ch vmivhr smkrh luhstrg prmp`g e`stmr`g,

pgrg sgngr ch hiig im pms`t`vm quh nmlstruyhrml ims emjkrhs glt`fums.Qmr hsm j`sjm eh `lthltgcm ulg rhv`s`l chi kmi`vgr`gl`sjm, pgrgogr im phrjglhlthjhlth pms`t`vm quh cho Kmivgr. Eh hxgj`lgcmigs nmrr`hlths quh c`hrml shlt`cm y rgzl g ig pgtr`g glt`fug, pgrg vhrch nmlfurgr hi nglml quh lms c shlt`cm hl hi mrchl ch ig e`stmr`g.Nrhm quh gs shg pmkrh j` piujg y shg gs hsngsm hi kr`iim ch j`s`chgs, pmnms egl trgkgogcm nml tgltm gelnm nmjm ym hl ig ksquhcgch ulg `lthrprhtgn`l vgi`msg hl luhstrm pgsgcm, pmr cmlch puhcg

iihfgrsh g cgr nmlt`lu`cgc g sus `lstglths nrhgcmrhs. Pm lm eh `chgi`-zgcm bgisgjhlth ig e`stmr`g. Gphlgs jh eh i`j`tgcm g pmlhr hl rhsgi-tm hi vgimr ch qu`hlhs rhprhshltgrml gyhr ulg gutlt`ng ngthfmrg chnuiturg. Nigrm quh c`neg igkmr pgrhnh th`cg ch rmjglt`n`sjm s` shih pgrhg nml ig mkrg ch qu`hlhs sim t`hlhl moms pgrg j`rgr luhstrgsngcgs. Pm lm l`hfm stgs s` puki`nm igs jgs phrsmlgihs!, hjphrm,g su igcm pmlfm im vgi`msm quh lm hst`jgrml ims emjkrhs g qu`hlhsihs v`lm k`hl ouzfgr ig e`stmr`g pmr ig c`jhls`l ch ims iigjgcmsvhlnhcmrhs. Hl ul mrchl jmrgi, ig v`ntmr`g lm chkhjms nmlnhchrig gNgruom, s`lm g Rgrfgs.

Ims pms`t`v`stgs gnmjht`hrml nmltrg ims chimfms, qu lms c`hrml,hl ngjk`m= Lm jh c`rs t quh hi bgtgi`sjm quh hljgrn g luhstrg

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e`stmr`g hltrh igs ilhgs chi ehnem ch buhrzg, shg gifm quh vgifg igphlg ch shr chbhlc`cm. Quhs, j` quhr`cm Jgr`glm, hsh bgtgi`sjm hs hipultm js chlsm ch ig mkrg ch ims pms t`v`stgs hl hi rhg chi n`v`sjm.

Pm nrhm quh chkhjms vmivhr hi rmstrm g ims chsgnrhc`tgcms `chimfms.Sgi vhz hi l`nm ngj`lm pgrg vhrthkrgr luhstrg e`stmr`g shg ig rhvh-ign`l ch hsh e`im ngiigcm ch nmln`hln`g nv`ng, quh sh eg jglthl`cmv`vm g phsgr ch luhstrgs cmimrmsgs v`n`s`tuchs. Hs nmjm chsnukr`r gigs luhvgs fhlhrgn`mlhs ulg e`stmr`g shnrhtg y gtmrjhltgcg. hrg ch-n`rihs njm eukm s`hjprh pi`cgs iunhn`iigs hl jhc`m ch ig gprhtgcgt`l`hkig. Lm im hstgjms v`hlcm emy j`sjm=

G t` th suhlg g ihyhlcg cmrgcg hi hjphm jm ch chshlthrrgr im

vgi`msm ch luhstrms glthpgsgcms pgrg mpmlhrim g ig frmshrg rhgi`cgchl quh lms eg tmngcm v`v`r. Pm lm vhm hl hsm hjphm gifulm chbgishgr ulg e`stmr`g s`lm fhlhrmsm hsbuhrzm pmr egnhr rhsgitgr im pms`-t`vm quh eg s`cm chshnegcm pmr hi ou`n`m prhn`p`tgcm ch qu`hlhs simj`rgl hi nmltmrlm hxthr`mr ch ims sunhsms. Sgjpmnm gs`hltm quh ulgkr`iiglth nuiturg buhrg grrmiigcg pmr hi pms`t`v`sjm. Lm eh lhfgcmig chn`hln`g ch ims hstuc`ms nis`nms, phrm nhlsurm hi prmnhc`j`hl-

tm quh ims chsgeun` nml prhbhrhln`g g suphrgrims. Ihjh nml jh-lms gprhls`l ch ig quh `ln`tg hi thjg y vhrs njm chhlcm ulgpms`n`l fhlhrgi hlngj`lgcg g nrhgr gnt`tuchs js nmrrhntgs hl ignmlcuntg jmrgi. Pm lm j`rm gi vgimr n`hltnm y gi kr`iim i`thrgr`mchi n`nim pms`t`v`stg. Jh rhhrm g su prmyhnn`l hl hi ngjpm ch ig[hpki`ng y g ig rhsmlgln`g ch sus nmlnius`mlhs hl hi thrr`tmr`m ch igjmrgi. @ls`stm hl chn`r quh lm nmls`chrm ig nuiturg nmjm ul hl squh sh rhcuzng g su prmp`g vgimr`zgn`l. Iigjm nuiturg gi prmnhsm

hlngj`lgcm g ig rhgi`zgn`l ch ig phrsmlg eujglg hl hi mrchl chijulcm. Lm nrhm, pmlfgjms pmr ngsm, quh shg thst`jml`m ch nuiturghi buln`mlgj`hltm gntugi hl Ngrgngs ch ul lst`tutm hsphn`gi`zgcm hlN`rufg lhurm-nhrhkrgi. Nmls`chrm pmr hi nmltrgr`m, cmnujhltm v`vmy cmimrmsm ch ulg lhfgn`l ch ig nuiturg hi rf`jhl v`fhlth ch tmrtu-rgs quh gpi`ng g sus vnt`jgs ig jgi iigjgcg ^hfur`cgc Lgn`mlgi. Lm

ouzfm quh shg thst`jml`m ch nuiturg ul Bhst`vgi chi I`krm, nuglcm hlRhlhzuhig lm hx`sth i`khrtgc ch hxprhs l. Qmcr shr hstg ch i`krh-rms y hc`tmrhs, pgrg qu`hlhs hi prmkihjg sh vgimrg hl ig hsqu`lg chi`lthrs hnmlj`nm.

Chsch hsth pultm ch v`stg, lm jh lhfgrs rgzl nuglcm gs`hltmquh ig fhlhrgn`l pms`t`v`stg cho ig nuiturg chi pgs hl ul frgcm

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`lbhr`mr gi frgcm quh hlnmltr. Hi l`nm prmfrhsm buh hi ig`n`sjm.Hi l`nm kr`iim quh ginglz buh `r nmltrg ims vgimrhs chi hspr`tu ycgr ngrtg g im c`gki`nm, nmjm `lfrhc`hlth ihft`jm chi grth y ch igs

ihtrgs. Lhf ig v`hog jmrgi y hr`f` gi chthrj`l`sjm hl tgkig gksmiutgch ig ihy.Emy hst ch jmcg hl Rhlhzuhig `r nmltrg hi pgsgcm y nmltrg ig

trgc`n`l. ^h `lvmng, s`l hjkgrfm, g ims ermhs pgrg gprmvhnegrims hlbuln`l ch kgjkgi`lg y pgrg cgr hl su lmjkrh gsphntm bgsn`stg g ulshucm-lgn`mlgi`sjm, quh chsnmlmnh ims ginglnhs ch luhstrg prmp`ge`stmr`g. Hl buln`l ch lhfmn`m, sh egl chstru`cm ims rhnuhrcms jsgfrgcgkihs ch igs v`hogs n`ucgchs. [hnuhrcm hi hltus`gsjm quh pmr

703; t j`sjm pmlgs hl sgivgr ul pmrtgi nmiml`gi ch ^gl Ngrimsm ulg vhltglg truo`iiglg chi s`fim UR@@@. Gquhi kgrrmnm jmchstm chluhstrgs fihs`gs ch puhkim hltus`gsjgkg nmjm thst`fm ch ulg pmng.Hsh hrg luhstrm pgsgcm hl t`hrrg. Hi ch Hspgg hs pgsgcm hl p`hcrg.Chkhrgjms nmlshrvgr im luhstrm nmjm thst`jml`m ch ulg e`stmr`g.Qmkrh luhstrg grqu`thnturg nmiml`gi, hrg, s`l hjkgrfm, luhstrg. Hrgig mkrg ch luhstrms jgymrhs. Emy ig ehjms chstru`cm, j`hltrgs ims

prmp`ms yglqu`s sh hsjhrgl hl nmlshrvgr ig suyg. Hs kuhlg pmit`ng`r nmltrg ig trgc`n`l. Hl 7081 hsnune g ulm ch ims jglcgjs ch igemrg hxprhsgr su rhpuc`m g tmcm im quh mi`hsh g trgc`n`l. Hsh hspr`tuhst v`vm y g su `jpuism sh egnhl frglchs bmrtulgs. Pm, hl ngjk`m,chhlcm ig trgc`n`l hl im quh thlfg ch pms`t`vm, y nmlchlm, g igvhz, ig ut`i`zgn`l ch trgc`n`mlhs bs`ihs nmjm hihjhltms ch nuiturg.Hl 7035 nhlsur hi usm ch nugihsqu`hrg jgl`bhstgn`mlhs bminir`ngsnmjm hihjhltm hcungt`vm. Hsg j`sjg nrt`ng vuhivm g egnhrig hl hi

primfm ch Ig emrg ulcn`jg.Hcungr gi puhkim pmr jhc`m ch bmrjgshstrgt`ngcgs ch ulg nuiturg `lbhr`mr, hs gifm gksurcm. Hsm, hl ngj-k`m, sh egnh hl Rhlhzuhig nml gpigusm y gpmym ch fhlth ch gutmr`cgc.Lm smy tgl ihrcm nmjm pgrg lm sgkhr chsgrt`nuigr ulg trgc`n`l, l`smy tgl s`jpih pgrg jglthlhrjh hl ig nrhhln`g ch quh hi pmivm y igthigrgg sml e`stmr`g. Jh fustg ig e`stmr`g chspmivgcg y hlogkmlgcg.[hnmrcgrs quh pmr `l`n`gt`vg jg sh nrh hi ^hrv`n`m ch E`f`hlh yNmlshrvgn`l hl hi Grne`vm Fhlhrgi ch ig Lgn`l.

Hl n`hrtg mngs`l, nuglcm Grturm Xsigr Q`htr` jgl`bhst gifulgc`snrhpgln`g nml igs ths`s quh t, J`fuhi Gfmstg ^g`flhs y ym sms-thlgjms, c`o`sth quh s` n`v`i`zgn`l buhsh tmcm im luhvm, nugiqu`hrglgibgkhtm hlr`quhn`cm quh puhch gcqu`r`r ul Ngc`iign, shrg js

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35[LN

n`v`i`zgcm quh Fmhteh y quh Kmivgr. Qgrg hi hxgjhl quh hl c`nemgrtnuim t j`sjm prmpmlhs ch im quh chkhjms m lm rhn`k`r ch buhrg,sh rhqu`hrh ig hsp`lg cmrsgi ch ulg trgc`n`l. Qmr ngrhnhr ch hsg nm-

iujlg, ym egki ch luhstrg nr`s`s ch puhkim. Qmr bgitgr hsg nmiujlg,ym chshsphrgcgjhlth eh kusngcm igs vgs ch egiigrig.Rhlhzuhig v`vh emy su emrg Ngc`iign. S im c`o sth nml gn hrtm y

frgn`g. Hi Ngc`iign eg grrhjht`cm nmltrg tmcm im vgi`msm quh e`n`h-rml luhstrms glthnhsmrhs. Hi Ngc`iign eg prhthlc`cm gkmi`r igs prmp`gsrgnhs ch ig lgn`mlgi`cgc. Emy sh fglg prhst`f`m ch nuitm y gvglzgcmlhfglcm ig buhrzg ch luhstrg e`stmr`g y egn`hlcm kurig ch luhstrmjmchstm pgsgcm. Srgsigcgr chi pgsgcm gi prhshlth hi pultm ch v`stg

quh eg ch mr`hltgr luhstrg mkrg ch puhkim lm hs tgltm nmjm lhfgrlmsg lmsmtrms j`sjms nmjm pms`k`i`cgc nrhgcmrg= Xlg lgn`l quh shs`hltg s`l smpmrths e`str`nms ngrhnh ch guthlt`n`cgc. Lmsmtrms lm sm-jms sun`hlthjhlth puhkim, pmrquh `lthltgjms rmjphr g ngcg pgsmig nmlt`lu`cgc ch luhstrg v`cg smn`gi. Rgimrgr ul pgsgcm lm s`fl`ngsukmrc`lgr hi prhshlth g igs bmrjgs v`hogs. Luhstrm chkhr hs egnhr bu-turm. Luhstrg j`s`l nmls`sth hl quh lm sh p`hrcg hi pgtr`jml`m quh

lms ihfgrml luhstrms jgymrhs. ^` hs ulg chsfrgn`g rhs`flgrsh g v`v`rchi thsmrm ch ims juhrtms, hs chsfrgn`g phmr jhlmsprhn`gr ig pgrthpms`t`vg ch luhstrm pgsgcm y gnhptgr ig hstg bmrgsthrg.

Pm rhsphtm tus pultms ch v`stg y igs rhshrvgs quh puhcgs thlhr hlrhign`l nml j`s phlsgj`hltms. Su nuiturg th prhstg gutmr`cgc jg-f`strgi. Hl hi prhshlth ngsm, ouzfm quh t egs ihcm nml ul tgltm chgprhls`l ims thjgs ch Ig emrg ulcn`jg.Jrgih su prmps`tm y vhrsnmjm j` c`snursm gpultg g chl`r hl sus chtgiihs nuiturgihs gifulms

ch ims thjgs ch Jhlsgoh s`l chst`lmy g chslucgr ul pmnm js hi prm-kihjg piglthgcm hl Ig trg`n`l ch ims jhomrhs". Nuglcm nmjhln hihxgjhl ch igs n`rnulstgln`gs nmls`chrgcgs hl c`nems trgkgoms, jhsgkg quh hstgkg pml`hlcm hi chcm smkrh thjgs pmr chjs hlrg`zgcmshl ig shls`k`i`cgc vhlhzmiglg. Jh hxpush nml hiim g ig nmltrgc`nn`ly gul gi chluhstm ch j`s hlhj`fms. Eh susn`tgcm nmltrg j buhrzgspmchrmsgs, quh lm egl hsqu`vgcm ig ngiujl`g pgrg ehr`rjh. Hl ngj-k`m, nml ig ruchzg ch hsms piglthgj`hltms nrhm shrv`r g ig [hpki`ng.

C`ms jh eg nmlnhc`cm ig frgn`g ch pmchr gyucgr nml j` pgigkrgjgcurg g ig bmrjgn`l ch ulg jhomr nmln`hln`g pgrg hi vhlhzmiglmbuturm. G j sh jh hlshgrml hl ig ouvhltuc mtrms ngj`lms. Igsihnn`mlhs ch j`s jghstrms lm j`rgkgl g ulg nuiturg hl buln`l ch

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vgimrhs eujglms, s`lm hl buln`l nmlnup`snhlth ch ut`i`cgc y chkhiihzg. Nrhm quh ig shj`brustrgcg fhlhrgn`l chi ;5 eg s`cm ig l`-ng hl `lsurf`r ch ulg jglhrg mrfl`ng nmltrg ims v`n`ms hl quh lms

jmvgjms junems. Ist`jg frglch hi l quh egl thl`cm junegsch igs js kr`iiglths n`brgs ch gquhiig hstuphlcg junegnehrg! Gj hi chst`lm jh e`zm hsphrgr ig hcgc jgcurg pgrg hohrnhr ig rhkhi-cg. Js vgih gs. G ig giturg ch j`s gms, puhcm nmlgr hl lm nghrjgglg hl igs bgitgs quh e`n`hrml gkmrt`vg ig nmlcuntg ch ims prh-nmnhs nmltrgc`ntmrhs ch Fuzjl, ch Nrhspm y ch N`pr`glm Ngstrm.Jh s`rvh ch hstjuim y ch nmjprhls`l sgkhr quh gifulms ovhlhshst`jgl j` nmlcuntg brhlth g ims prmkihjgs chi pgs. Ogjs chogr ch

khlchn`r ig emrg hl quh gutmr`n g Ov`tm R`iigikg pgrg quh pus`hshj` lmjkrh hl ig pgphihtg hihntmrgi ch Ngrgngs. ^gkg quh sgnr`ngkgj` pgz phrm lm sgkg quh sh jh prhshltgkg ul igrfm hspgn`m pgrgrhhx`mlgr g c`stgln`gs smkrh ig pgtr`g. Brutm ch hsg glfust`gcg rh-hx`l ch chsthrrgcm egl s`cm igs phquhgs jmlmfrgbgs hl quh ehhstuc`gcm ulg vhz js hi pgsgcm y ig trgc`n`l ch j` puhkim. ^` hsphngcm gjgr hl bmrjg gpgs`mlgcg ims vgimrhs v`homs ch quh gul puh-

cg hxpr`j`rsh ulg brgsh nmlstrunt`vg, phrs`stm hl hi phngcm egstg igsiigjgs. Gl js, nrhm quh jhlmsprhn`gr n`hrtgs bmrjgs rmjlt`ngsy sgucmsgs chi pgsgcm, hs shrv`r g ig glt`-Rhlhzuhig. Pm eh s`cm juyc`snrhtm hl bmrjuigr gifulms rhpgrms g ig buhrzg hcungt`vg quh sh cgg n`hrtgs bmrjgs hstt`ngs ch luhstrm bminimrh, pmr nugltm nrhm quh igsjgl`bhstgn`mlhs bminir`ngs, gs ngrhzngl ch hihjhltms quh gyuchlgi puhkim gntugi, t`hlhl su pmrn`l vgi`msg hl hi mrchl chbhls`vm chig lgn`mlgi`cgc. Ig pgtr`g sh rhbrhsng nml hi g`rh ch ihoglg quh lms

v`hlh chi pgsgcm. Ig lgn`l sh egnh buhrth nuglcm ims emjkrhs sg-khl ngptgr hi grmjg glt`fum quh lms trgh hsg kr`sg ihoglg. Wuh hstmshg i`thrgturg= Quhs s` hstm hs i`thrgturg, hstm hs pmhsg. Ig pgtr`g hspmhsg. S pmcrgs chn`r quh ig pgtr`g hs ul v`goh gi gjglhnhr. ^hv`gog pmrquh sh suhg. ` Kmivgr lm euk`hrg smgcm, lm egkrg ehnemig @lchphlchln`g. ^` Nmil lm euk`hrg smgcm, lm egkrg puhstm hlnmltgntm g Hurmpg nml Gjr`ng. Oustgjhlth im quh sh lhnhs`tg smlemjkrhs quh suhhl, chimfms quh p`hlshl y shgihl ngj`lms g imsehnems. Hstgjms bgt`fgcms ch ig frmshrg hxphr`hln`g ch qu`hlhs tmcmim j`chl pmr ims hbhntms chi x`tm. Ehjms s`cm trg`n`mlgcms pmr ulgimsmbg ehcml`stg, quh gnmjmc igs `chgs g ims ehnems nujpi`cms.Hs tr`sth vhr nmjm sh p`hlsg hl j`rgs g sgt`sbgnhr g ims c`sphlsgcmrhs

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81[LN

ch ig frgn`g quh sh nmlv`hrth hl k`hlhstgr hnmlj`nm. ^`l gemlcgrjunem hi hxgjhl, t th hlnuhltrgs gi cmkigr igs kgki`ngs hsqu`lgsch luhstrg ngp`tgi nml fhlth ch tgihltm quh c`snurrh nml ig j`rg puhs-

tg hl hi buturm bgvmr ch igs nmjpggs hxtrglohrgs quh gcj`l`strgl hie`hrrm y hi phtrihm.Qgrg suphrgr ig emrg chi Ngc`iign quh v`vh Rhlhzuhig, sh lhnhs`tg

ul r`hfm bhnulcm ch chgs quh nmlv`chl g smgr. Curg igkmr ig ch prh-c`ngr g emjkrhs cmrj`cms. Hl luhstrm pgs egy ul ihtgrfm hspgltmsm,quh sh mpmlh g quh igs `chgs rhv`hlthl hl ehnems nrhgcmrhs. Ig emrgNgc`iign `jpmlh hi chkhr trhjhlcm ch prhc`ngr g ims juhrtms. Hi gih-rm, ig ngsg ch gcmkh, igs tgp`gs euj`ichs chi v`hom emfgr vhlhzmiglm,

sml sjkmims ch ul julcm quh fmz ch ulg gpgn`kih i`khrtgc `lth-r`mr y, smkrh tmcm, ch ulg gutgrqug hnmlj`ng. Lm sh igs hvmng pgrgrhv`v`rigs l` pgrg rhnmjhlcgrigs pmr jhomrhs quh igs nmlstrunn`mlhsjmchrlgs. h igs gsmn`g g ulg jhjmr`g ch jgymr pihl`tuc hsp`r`tugi.Lm nrhm ym quh nugiqu`hr t`hjpm pgsgcm shg jhomr. Ig v`cg chi mkrh-rm vhlhzmiglm ch emy hs suphr`mr g ig v`cg chi mkrhrm glthr`mr g 70>1.Hltrh ulm y mtrm hst Rhrsgiihs. Qhrm hi mkrhrm glt`fum sh jmvg smkrh

ulg t`hrrg quh lm hrg luhstrg. Fjhz, lhflcmsh g quh Rhlhzuhighltrgsh hl ig Qr`jhrg Fuhrrg Julc`gi, hstgkg gi brhlth ch ulg Rh-lhzuhig nuym chst`lm sh rhsmivg hl hi `lthr`mr ch luhstrg prmp`g kgr-kgr`h. Qgrg iunegr nmltrg hi hspr`tu chi`nuhsnhlth quh eg tmjgcm gulg fhlhrgn`l miv`cgcg ch su chkhr brhlth g ig lgn`l, ym eh kusng-cm ig gyucg ch ig e`stmr`g y ch ig trgc`n`l. Srgs hi ehnem gfrhs`vm quhcg tmlm gi Hstgcm, eh `lcgfgcm ig nmrr`hlth sukthrrlhg gi`jhltgcgpmr ims `chimfms ch ig i`khrtgc y eh prmnurgcm hxgitgr nml bh y nml

mpt`j`sjm ig jhjmr`g ch ims emjkrhs n`v`ihs quh bmrjgl luhstrgsubr`cg trgc`n`l ch rhs`sthln`g jmrgi. Qgrg gl`jgr hi chngchlth pui-sm nv`nm, eh chbhlc`cm hi prhn`m ch luhstrg gjgkih trgc`n`l, lm nmlul puhr`i prmps`tm ch hvmngn`l jhimsg, s`lm nml hi hjphm ch gn`-ngthgr hi thfujhltm hltujhn`cm chi nuhrpm lgn`mlgi. Jhomr quh ymnmlmnhs t ig buln`l ch ims sjkmims. Nuglcm eh gigkgcm ig egiigng,lm eh phlsgcm hl ig jhsg pgltgfrui`ng ch Fu`iihrjm Gustr`g s`lmhl ig nmln`hln`g ch ims p`t`yglqu`s quh egkigl ch Rhlhzuhig nml igkmng iihlg ch Nrglkhrry sgunh. Hsh bgjmsm i`qu`i`quh nml quh gemrgvglgjhlth sh chsig hl ig iigjgcg ^hjglg ch ig Qgtr`g im eh ph-c`cm ym nmjm vhst`curg `lthr`mr ch ulg nigsh c`r`fhlth, quh lm simchsnmlmnh ig c`fl`cgc ch ig lgn`l, hjphrm sh prhstg g su vhltg bn`i.

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87[LN

Nmls`chrm lhnhsgr`m rhgrt`nuigr nml nmsgs vhlhzmiglgs hi busth chig luhvg lgn`l, cmlch hi prmfrhsm y ig tnl`ng shjkrgrl vgi`msgsmpmrtul`cgchs. ^`l hsh busth glt`fum, im quh vhlcr shr mtrg nmsg,

jhlms Rhlhzuhig. Chogrim tmcm g ig gnn`l luhvg, hs