SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE GESTIÓN

Procedimiento Ejecución de la Formación Profesional IntegralWORKSHOP

Versión: 02

Fecha: 30/09/2013

Código: F004-P006-GFPI

NAME: CAMILA PEREZ BOHORQUEZ DATE: _September 1, 2015__

EXPLANATION: MODAL VERBS

Estudia con atención toda la explicación y luego desarrolla los

ejercicio propuestos.

En este taller usted va a encontrar un nuevo tema relacionado con los

verbos modales del inglés. Los verbos modales te ayudan a expresar lo

que puedes hacer, lo que deberías hacer, lo que tienes que hacer y lo

que es permitido hacer. Observa con atención.

The following explanation was retrived from: http://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/verbs/modal-verbs/

Modal Verbs:

Can, Could

Can, could and be able to are used to express a variety of ideas in English:

Present and Future:

1. Tom can write poetry very well.2. I can help you with that next week.3. Lisa can’t speak French.

Be Able To

1. Mike is able to solve complicated math equations2. The support team will be able to help you in about ten minutes.3. I won’t be able to visit you next summer.

Past:

could / couldn’t + base form of the verb

1. When I was a child I couldplay the guitar

Possibility / Impossibility

can / can’t + base form of the verb

1. You can catch that train at 10:43.2. He can’t see you right now. He’s in surgery.

could + base form of the verb

1. I could fly via Amsterdam if I leave the day before.

Ask Permission / Give Permission

Can + Subject + base form of the verb (informal)

1. Can you lend me ten dollars?

Can + base form of the verb (informal)

1. You can borrow my car.

Could + subject + base form of the verb (polite)

1. Could I have your number?2. Could I talk to your supervisor please?

Make a suggestion – To make a suggestion use:

Could + base form of the verb (informal)

1. You could take the tour of the castle tomorrow.

Exercises: Can, Could, Be able to

Fill in the correct form of can, could or be able to as in the examples.

1. Ben could not help his little brother with his homework yesterday.2. Can I call you later tonight?

1. ___COULD__ Tony run long distances when he was a boy?

2. ___COULD___ you please call a tow truck for me? My car broke down. (polite)

3. The students ___AREN´T ABLE____ to buy their textbooks today. The bookstore is all out of them.

4. ____CAN__ you teach me how to fix my computer? You’re so good at it.

5. _WILL_____ you __ABLE TO____ reach the customer if you call him at 4:00 his time?

Answers:

1. Could2. Could3. aren’t able4. Can5. Will/be able to

May, Might

Formal Permission / Formal Prohibition

may / may not + base form of the verb

1. You may start your exam now.2. You may not wear sandals to work.

Polite Request

May + subject + base form of the verb

1. May I help you?

Possibility / Negative Possibility

may/ might + base form of the verb

1. We may go out dinner tonight. Do you want to join us?2. Our company might get the order if the client agrees to the price.

may not / might not + base form of the verb

1. Adam and Sue may not buy that house. It’s very expensive.2. They might not buy a house at all.

To Make a Suggestion (when there is no better alternative)

may as well / might as well + base form of the verb

1. You may as well come inside. John will be home soon.2. We might as well take Friday off. There’s no work to be done

anyway.

Polite Suggestion

might + base form of the verb

1. You might like to try the salmon fillet. It’s our special today.

Exercises: May / Might

Fill in the correct form of may or might as in the example.

1. May I sit here?

1. They __MIGHT NOT____ finish the project on time. The main engineer is ill.

2. You _MIGHT____ want to stop by the museum gift shop on your way out.

3. __MAY___ I have your autograph?4. He _MAY AS WELL______ visit the Louvre. He’s in Paris anyway.5. You __MAY NOT____ park your car here. It’s reserved for guests of

the hotel only.

Answers:

1. might not2. might3. May4. may as well5. may not

Shall, Should, Ought to

To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are quite sure of a positive answer)

Shall + subject + base form of the verb

1. Shall we go for a walk?

Note: Shall is only used with I or we. It is used instead of will only in formal English.

To Offer of Assistance or Polite Suggestion (When you are not sure of a positive answer)

Should + subject + base form of the verb

1. Should I call a doctor?

A Prediction or Expectation that Something Will Happen

should/shouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. The proposal should be finished on time.2. I shouldn’t be late. The train usually arrives on time.

To Give Advice

should / ought to + base form of the verb

1. You should check that document before you send it out.2. You ought to have your car serviced before the winter.

To Give Advice (about something you think wrong or unacceptable)

shouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. James shouldn’t teach him words like those.

Exercises: Should, Shouldn’t, Ought To

Fill in should, shouldn’t or ought in the following sentences as in the example.

1. He shouldn’t encourage such bad behavior.

1. You __SHOULD___ get your teeth cleaned at least once a year.

2. The house __SHOULD____ be ready to move into by next month. It’s almost finished.

3. Ron ____OUGHT____ to improve his attitude. If he doesn’t, he might get fired.

4. ___SHOULD_____ I get your jacket? It’s cold in here.5. You ___SHOULDN´T_____ put your feet on the table. It’s not polite.

Must, Have to, Need to, Don’t have to, Needn’t

Necessity or Requirement

Present and Future:

must / have to / need to + base form of the verb

1. You must have a passport to cross the border.2. Elisabeth has to apply for her visa by March 10th.3. I need to drop by his room to pick up a book.

Past:

had to / needed to + base form of the verb

1. I had to work late last night.2. I needed to drink a few cups of coffee in order to stay awake.

Note: have to and need to are often used in the same context, but many times, need to is used to express something that is less urgent, something in which you have a choice.

Almost 100% Certain

must + base form of the verb

1. Thomas has lived in Paris for years. His French must be very good.

Prohibited or Forbidden

must not / mustn’t + base form of the verb

1. You must not drive over the speed limit.2. You mustn’t leave medicines where children can get to them.

Lack of Necessity

don’t /doesn’t /didn’t + have to + base form of the verb

1. You don’t have to park the car. The hotel valet will do it for you.2. Tim doesn’t have to go to school today. It’s a holiday.

needn’t + base form of the verb

1. You needn’t worry about me. I’ll be fine.

Modals: Will / Would

will / won’t + base form of the verb

1. John will pick you up at 7:00am.2. Beth won’t be happy with the results of the exam.

Polite Request or Statement

Will / Would + base form of the verb

1. Will you please take the trash out?2. Would you mind if I sat here?3. I’d (I would) like to sign up for your workshop.

Habitual Past Action

Would/Wouldn’t + base form of the verb

1. When I was a child, I would spend hours playing with my train set.

2. Peter wouldn’t eat broccoli when he was a kid. He loves it now.

The two links below contain videos about the explanation of this topic, please watch them:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaBH_huiJSM

https://prezi.com/lhgtsypo1jeo/modals-verbs/ Explaining modal verbs.

ACTIVITY

1. Look at the images (1-6) and rewrite each situation using modals. Look at the example:

Example: 1 Can you open the door?

Could you open the door?

2. could i use the computer?can i use the computer?may i use the computer?

3. could i drink some water?can i drink some water?may i drink some water?

4. could you close the window?can you close the window?

5. could you turn on the tv?can you turn on the tv?

6. could i use the telephone?can i use the telephone?

7. could i borrow your book?can i borrow your book?may i borrow your book?

8. could i get a sandwish?can i get a sandwich?may i get a sandwich?

9. could you speak slower please?can you speak slower please?

2. Look at the following charts and identify the way modal verbs are used. Write examples in each case.

1) CAN YOUR EXAMPLESability I can speak English. I CAN WALKpermission

Can I go to the cinema? CAN I GO TO THE PARTY?

request Can you wait a moment, please? CAN YOU STOP THE CAR PLEASE?

offer I can lend you my car till tomorrow. I CAN BORROW YOU ONLY ONE THOUSAND PESOS.

suggestion

Can we visit Grandma at the weekend? CAN WE TRAVEL TOGETHER?

possibility It can get very hot in Arizona. IT CAN GET ILL CAUSE OF THE WEATHER.

2) COULDUse COULD EXAMPLES YOUR EXAMPLES

Ability in the past I could speak English. I COULD RUN SO FAST

permission to do sth. in the past

I could go to the cinema. I COULD GO TO THE PARTY

polite question * Could I go to the cinema, please? COULD I GO TO THE PARTY?

polite request * Could you wait a moment, please? COULD YOU STOP THE CAR PLEASE?

polite offer * I could lend you my car till tomorrow. I COULD BORROW YOU ONLY ONE THOUSAND PESOS.

polite suggestion * Could we visit Grandma at the weekend? COULD WE TRAVEL TOGETHER?

possibility * It could get very hot in Montana. IT COULD BE INTERESTING

3) MAYUse Examples YOUR EXAMPLES

possibility It may rain today. IT MAY BE AN INTERESTING TOPIC

permission May I go to the

cinema? MAY I GO TO THE BATHROOM PLEASE?

polite suggestion May I help you? MAY YOU HELP ME?

4) MIGHTUse Examples YOUR

EXAMPLESpossibility (less possible than may) *

It might rain today. IT MIGHT SNOW IN NEW YORK THIS MORNING

hesitant offer * Might I help you? MIGHT YOU HELP ME?

5) MUSTUse Examples

force, necessity I must go to the supermarket today.possibility You must be tired.advice, recommendation You must see the new film with Brad

Pitt.Write your examples hereYOU MUST DO YOUR TASKSYOU MUST BE FRUSTRATEDYOU MUST GO TO THE NEW SHOPPING CENTER

6) MUST NOT/Use Examples

prohibition You mustn't work on dad's computer.

Write your examples here

YOU MUSTN´T USE YOUR SISTER´S CLOTHES

7) OUGHT TOUse Examples

advice You ought to drive carefully in bad weather.

obligation You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room.

Write your examples here

YOU OUGHT TO BE CAREFULY WITH THE BABYYOU OUGHT TO TURN OFF THE TV WHEN NOBODY IS WATHCHING.

9) SHALL : I/WEUse Examples

suggestion Shall I carry your bag?Shall we go?

Write your examples here

SHALL I BRING YOUR PET?SHALL WE DINNER?

10) SHOULDUse Examples

advice You should drive carefully in bad weather.

obligation You should switch off the light when you leave the room.

Write your examples here

YOU SHOULD USE BETTER CLOTHES TO GO TO STUDYYOU SHOULD USE SUN LIGHT DURING THE DAY

11)WILLUse Examples

wish, request, demand, order (less polite than would)

Will you please shut the door?

prediction, assumption I think it will rain on Friday.promise I will stop smoking.spontaneous decision Can somebody drive me to the

station? - I will.habits She's strange, she'll sit for hours

without talking.Write your examples here

WILL YOU BRING ME THAT GLASS PLEASE?I BELIEVE IT WILL BE A SUNNY DAY TOMORROWI WILL STOP DRINKINGCAN SOMEBODY HELP ME TO CATCH MY PET? I WILL.THEY WILL DRINK FOR HOURS AS ALWAYS THEY DO.

EXPLANATION: THE PRESENT PERFECT

In this section you will learn how to use the present perfect tense. The present perfect is used to express unfinished actions.

Example: I have studied English for two years= you started in the past and you may be studying at present.

Look at the image and identify when the present perfect is used:

Retrived from: https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=THE+PRESENT+PERFECT+IN+ENGLISH&biw=1280&bih=911&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=vbJmVf3HPMTtsAWswIHgAw&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAw#imgrc=Z3wA6x3IGRZiSM%253A%3BdVE3m2KFSE1pAM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ftx.english-ch.com%252Fteacher%252Fjocelyn%252Fthe%252520present%252520perfect.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ftx.english-

ch.com%252Fteacher%252Fjocelyn%252Fothers%252Fthe-present-perfect%252F%3B685%3B334

The PRESENT PERFECT TENSE has the following structure:

The auxiliary verb “to have" and the past participle of a verb.

The following chart show you the present perfect forms:

Complete the table in present perfect simple.positive negative question

He has written a letter.

HE HASN´T WRITTEN A LETTER

HAS HE WRITTEN A LETTER?

THEY HAVE STOPED

They have not stopped. HAVE THEY STOPED

WE HAVE DANCE WE HAVENT DANCE Have we danced?

She has worked. SHE HASN’T WORKED HAS SHE WORKED?

ANDY HAS SLEPT Andy has not slept. HAS ANDY SLEPT?

Write sentences in present perfect simple.1. they / ask / a question ___THEY HAVE ASKED A QUESTION__2. he / speak / English ____HE HAS SPOKEN ENGLISH___3. I / be / in my room ___I HAVE BEEN IN MY ROOM____4. we / not / wash / the car __WE HAVE NOT WASHED THE CAR__5. Annie / not / forget / her homework _ANNIE HASN’T FORGOTTEN HER

HOMEWORK__

Write questions in present perfect simple.1. they / finish / their homework _THEY HAVE FINISHED THEIR

HOMEWORK____2. Sue / kiss / Ben _SUE HAS KISSED TO BEN__3. the waiter / bring / the tea __THE WAITER HAS BROUGHT THE TEA___4. Marilyn / pay / the bill _MARILYN HAS PAID THE BILL__5. you / ever / write / a poem __YOU HAVE EVER WRITTEN A POEM__

Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.1. They have talked about art at school. WHAT HAVE THEY DONE AT

SCHOOL?2. Jane has got a letter. WHERE HAS THIS LETTER COME FROM?3. Oliver has cooked dinner. WHAT HAS OLIVER COOKED?4. Caron has read seven pages. HOW MANY PAGES HAS CAROL READ?5.You have heard the song 100 times. WHAT HAVE YOU HEARD ONE HUNDRED TIMES?

 1 Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Present Perfect.

ACTIVITY

2. Change the following sentences into the negative. Pay attention to ALREADY and YET. Use the short forms of verbs

(haven't/hasn't) a) My sister has already arrived home ._MY SISTER HASN’T ARRIVED HOME YET__b) Our neighbours have already cut the old tree __OUR NEIGHBORURS HAVENT CUT THE OLD TREE YET__.

1) Karen _HAS SENT_me an e-mail. (to send)2) Dave and Pat __HAVE VISITED__the museum. (to visit)3) I _HAVE BEEN__at the pet shop. (to be)4) They __HAVE__already __PACKED__their rucksacks. (to pack)5) Marcus __HAS HAD__ an accident. (to have)6) We __HAVE DONE__the shopping for our grandmother (to do)7) I _HAVE _ just ___CLEANED__my bike. (to clean)8) Emily __HAS PAINTED__her room. (to paint)9) Lisa and Colin __HAVE GONE____to a concert. (to go)10) My friends ___HAVE GIVEN UP___smoking. (to give up)11) I __HAVE WASHED__ my father's car. (to wash)EXPLANATION

ALREADY

We use ALREADY to talk about an action that has been completed before we expected. It is normally used in affirmative sentences:"We have already had lunch"

YET We use YET to talk about an action that hasn't been completed, but we expect it to happen. It is used in negative and interrogative sentences:"Have they arrived yet?""She hasn't eaten anything yet" Position within the sentence: at the end of the

sentence . JUST We use JUST to talk about actions that happened

RECENTLY.

-He has just got a letter, but he hasn`t opened it yet.-"Dan and Kelly have   just had a baby girl" (it means the baby was born a few days ago) Position: before the participle.

 c) Alex has already finished his dinner. _ALEX HASN’T FINISHED HIS DINNER YET__. d) My parents have already decided to buy a new car .__MY PARENTS HAVENT DECIDED TO BUY A NEW CAR YET__. e) The teacher has already given the results of the last exam. __THE TEACHER HASN’T GIVEN THE RESULT OF THE EXAM YET_ 3 Change the following sentences into yes/no questions. Pay attention to ALREADY and YET.

a) My sister has already arrived home. _HAS MY SISTER ARRIVED HOME YET? _. b) Our neighbours have already cut the old tree __HAVE OUR NEIGHBOURS CUT THE OLD TREE YET? _. c) Alex has already finished his dinner. __HAS ALEX FINISHED HIS DINNER YET? d) My parents have already decided to buy a new car. _HAVE MY PARENTS DECIDED TO BUY A NEW CAR YET?_.

4 Change the following sentences into the positive. Pay attention to ALREADY and YET! Use the short forms of verbs (haven't/hasn't)

f) I haven`t bought all my Christmas presents yet. _I HAVE ALREADY BOUGHT ALL MY CHRISTMAS PRESENTS__. g) We haven`t washed the dishes yet. _WE HAVE ALREADY WASHED THE DISHES_. h) My cousin hasn`t travelled to New York yet. __MY COUSIN HAS ALREADY TRAVELED TO NEW YORK_. i) Jane and Sara haven`t seen that film yet. __JANE AND SARA HAVE ALREADY SEEN THAT FILM __. j) She hasn`t sent all the postcards yet. __SHE HAS ALREADY SENT ALL THE POSTCARDS _.

5 Complete the sentences.

a) The baker _HAS ALREADY BAKED__ (already/bake) a lot of cakes, butter rolls and bread. In fact, he __HAS JUST MADE_  (just/make) a delicious apple pie. b) My car broke down yesterday and I took it to the garage. I_HAVE JUST BEEN_ (just/be) there, but they _HAVENT REPAIRED_ (not/repair) it _YET_. c) The taylor___HASNT FINISHED __ (not/finish) the suit__YET___. d) The pirates _HAVE ALREADY FOUND____ (already/find) the treasure map, but they __HAVENT FOUND __ (not/find) the treasure___YET___. 6 Fill in all the gaps with the correct sentence. Remember to include the adverbs in it.

1. he / meet / his friend. (just)_HE HAS JUST MET HIS FRIEND___

2. you / not drink / your glass of Coke. (yet)___YOU HAVENT DRUNK YOUR GLASS OF COKE YET____

3. I / make / my bed. (already)___I HAVE ALREADY MADE MY BED__

4. We / not arrive. (yet) We / leave / the motorway. (just)__WE HAVENT ARRIVED YET__

__WE HAVE JUST LEFT THE MOTORWAY ___

5. The director / talk / to him. (already)__THE DIRECTOS HAS ALREADY TALKED TO HIM_

6. I / write / the e-mail you asked me. (just)_I HAVE JUST WRITTEN THE E-MAIL YOU ASKED ME ___

7. She / not buy / the flat. (yet) But she wants to buy it soon

_SHE HASN’T BOUGHT THE FLAT YET BUT SHE WANTS TO BUY IT SOON____

8. He / be / really lucky. (just) He / win / the lottery. (just) __HE HAS JUS BEEN REALLY LUCKY. HE HAS JUST WON THE LOTTERY

9. We / hear / the news. (already) It's horrible__WE HAVE ALREADY HEARD THE NEWS. ITS HORRIBLE__

10. Paul / not pay / for the dinner. (yet)___PAUL HASN’T PAID FOR THE DINNER YET____